Molecular Epidemiology of Human Adenovirus, Astrovirus, and Sapovirus Among Outpatient Children With Acute Diarrhea in Chongqing, China, 2017–2019

Tang, Xiang; Hu, Yue; Zhong, Xiaoni; Xu, Hongmei

doi:10.3389/fped.2022.826600

Cited by 22 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…HAdV enteric types F40/41 accounted for nearly half of sequenced samples, with a massive predominance of type F41 compared to type F40. Our data are in line with worldwide findings, which appears to be a global trend in regards to HAdV genotype distribution among AGE cases 22 , 23 , 38 , 57 , 59 . Previous molecular epidemiological studies conducted in Brazil also demonstrated the predominance of type F41, accounting for more than half of all sequenced samples 29 – 31 , 34 , 60 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Among the non-enteric HAdV, our study found HAdV species C and B with the second and third highest prevalence, respectively. Previous studies performed in Brazil and other developing countries have reported similar results for non-enteric HAdV, with specie C being the most prevalent and specie A, B and D alternating as the second most prevalent 22 , 23 , 29 , 32 , 38 . Moreover, despite an increasing number of studies attributing the detection of non-enteric HAdV types in AGE stool samples as a possible gastroenteritis causative agent 13 , 22 , 23 , 40 , the significance of their detection remains unclear.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

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Human enteric adenovirus F40/41 as a major cause of acute gastroenteritis in children in Brazil, 2018 to 2020

Nascimento

Fialho

Andrade

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Human adenovirus (HAdV) types F40/41 have long been recognized as major viral agents of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in children. Despite this, studies on HAdV molecular epidemiology are sparse, and their real impact is likely under-estimated. Thus, our goal was to investigate HAdV incidence, enteric and non-enteric types circulation, co-detections with rotavirus and norovirus and DNA shedding in stool samples from inpatients and outpatients from eleven Brazilian states. During the three-year study, 1012 AGE stool samples were analysed by TaqMan-based qPCR, to detect and quantify HAdV. Positive samples were genotyped by partial sequencing of the hexon gene followed by phylogenetic analysis. Co-detections were accessed by screening for rotavirus and norovirus. Overall, we detected HAdV in 24.5% of single-detected samples (n = 248), with a prevalence of type F41 (35.8%). We observed a higher incidence in children between 6 to 24 months, without marked seasonality. Additionally, we observed a statistically higher median viral load among single-detections between enteric and non-enteric types and a significantly lower HAdV viral load compared to rotavirus and norovirus in co-detections (p < 0.0001). Our study contributes to the knowledge of HAdV epidemiology and reinforces the need for the inclusion of enteric types F40/41 in molecular surveillance programs.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Human enteric adenovirus F40/41 as a major cause of acute gastroenteritis in children in Brazil, 2018 to 2020

Nascimento

Fialho

Andrade

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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“…HAdV F40/41 genotypes co-circulated similar to what has been reported elsewhere (7)(8)(9)(10). In previous studies, the proportion of F40 in sequenced HAdV-F positive samples was lower compared to compared to F41 (3-36% vs 11-97%) partly due to the higher genetic diversity in the F41 genotype that is hypothesised to enable it to outcompete F40 potentially via immune escape (7)(8)(9)(10)(11). A similar finding of lower F40 diversity was observed in our study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The genome of HAdV-F40/41 is approximately 35,000 basepairs (6). Previously there have been HAdV studies in Ethiopia, Albania, China, India and Brazil following which the researchers have reported a higher prevalence in HAdV-F41 cases compared to F40 (7)(8)(9)(10)(11). Coinfections between F40 and F41, and F41 and C5 were reported in Brazil and Ethiopia (7,10).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic epidemiology of Human Adenovirus F40 and F41 in Coastal Kenya: A retrospective hospital-based surveillance study (2013-2022)

Lambisia

Makori

Mutunga

et al. 2022

Preprint

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IntroductionHuman adenoviruses type F (HAdV-F) are leading cause of childhood diarrhoeal deaths. Genomic analysis would be key for understanding their potential drivers of disease severity, transmission dynamics, and for vaccine development. However, currently there is only limited data on HAdV-F genomes globally.MethodsHere, we sequenced and analysed HAdV-F from stool samples collected in coastal Kenya between 2013 and 2022. The samples were collected at Kilifi County Hospital in Kilifi, Kenya, from children < 13 years of age who reported a history of ≥ 3 loose stools in the previous 24hrs. The genomes were compared with data from the rest of the world by phylogenetic analysis and mutational profiling. Genotypes and lineages were assigned based on clustering on the global phylogenetic tree and from previously described nomenclature. Participant clinical and demographic data were linked to genotypic data.ResultsOf 91 cases identified using real-time PCR, 83 near-complete genomes were assembled, and these classified into HAdV-F40 and F41. These genotypes cocirculated throughout the study period. Three and four distinct lineages were observed for HAdV-F40 (Lineage 1-3) and F41 (Lineage 1, 2A, 3A, 3C and 3D). Genotype F40 and F41 coinfections were observed in five samples, and F41 and B7 in one sample. Two children with F40 and 41 coinfections were also infected with rotavirus and had moderate and severe disease, respectively. Intratypic recombination was found in 4 HAdV-F40 sequences occurring between lineages 1 and 3. None of the HAdV-F41 cases had jaundice.InterpretationThis study provides evidence of extensive genetic diversity, coinfections and recombination within HAdV-F40 in a high adenovirus transmission setting that will inform public health policy, vaccine development that includes the locally circulating lineages, and molecular diagnostic assay development. We recommend future comprehensive studies elucidating on HAdV-F genetic diversity and immunity for rational vaccine development.

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“…HAstV-1 and 2 were circulating during the study period from 2016 to 2021 and HAstV-4 was detected in 2018-2020, whereas HAstV-5 was observed in 2017 only, at all study sites. HAstV-5 was also detected in Thailand during 2000-2011 and 2017-2020, and in China in 2017-2018, with a low proportion [33,[37][38][39]. However, this HAstV-5 genotype was also found in Nigeria from 2015 to 2017 [40].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Prevalence and Characterization of Gastroenteritis Viruses among Hospitalized Children during a Pilot Rotavirus Vaccine Introduction in Vietnam

Mai,

Ly,

Doan

et al. 2023

Viruses

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Rotavirus (RV), norovirus (NoV), sapovirus (SaV), and human astrovirus (HAstV) are the most common viral causes of gastroenteritis in children worldwide. From 2016 to 2021, we conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study to determine the prevalence of these viruses in hospitalized children under five years old in Nam Dinh and Thua Thien Hue provinces in Vietnam during the pilot introduction of the RV vaccine, Rotavin-M1 (POLYVAC, Hanoi, Vietnam). We randomly selected 2317/6718 (34%) acute diarrheal samples from children <5 years of age enrolled at seven sentinel hospitals from December 2016 to May 2021; this period included one year surveillance pre-vaccination from December 2016 to November 2017. An ELISA kit (Premier Rotaclone®, Meridian Bioscience, Inc., Cincinnati, OH, USA) was used to detect RV, and two multiplex real-time RT-PCR assays were used for the detection of NoV, SaV and HAstV. The prevalence of RV (single infection) was reduced from 41.6% to 22.7% (p < 0.0001) between pre- and post-vaccination periods, while the single NoV infection prevalence more than doubled from 8.8% to 21.8% (p < 0.0001). The SaV and HAstV prevalences slightly increased from 1.9% to 3.4% (p = 0.03) and 2.1% to 3.3% (p = 0.09), respectively, during the same period. Viral co-infections decreased from 7.2% to 6.0% (p = 0.24), mainly due to a reduction in RV infection. Among the genotypeable samples, NoV GII.4, SaV GI.1, and HAstV-1 were the dominant types, representing 57.3%, 32.1%, and 55.0% among the individual viral groups, respectively. As the prevalence of RV decreases following the national RV vaccine introduction in Vietnam, other viral pathogens account for a larger proportion of the remaining diarrhea burden and require continuing close monitoring.

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Molecular Epidemiology of Human Adenovirus, Astrovirus, and Sapovirus Among Outpatient Children With Acute Diarrhea in Chongqing, China, 2017–2019

Cited by 22 publications

References 38 publications

Human enteric adenovirus F40/41 as a major cause of acute gastroenteritis in children in Brazil, 2018 to 2020

Human enteric adenovirus F40/41 as a major cause of acute gastroenteritis in children in Brazil, 2018 to 2020

Genomic epidemiology of Human Adenovirus F40 and F41 in Coastal Kenya: A retrospective hospital-based surveillance study (2013-2022)

Prevalence and Characterization of Gastroenteritis Viruses among Hospitalized Children during a Pilot Rotavirus Vaccine Introduction in Vietnam

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