Molecular Epidemiology of<i>Fonsecaea</i>Species

Najafzadeh, Mohammad Javad; Sun, Jiufeng; Vicente, Vânia Aparecida; Klaassen, Corné H. W.; Bonifáz, Alexandro; Ende, A. H. G. Gerrits van den; Menken, Steph B. J.; Hoog, G. S. de

doi:10.3201/eid1703.100555

Cited by 60 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Exophiala dermatitidis is also neurotropic but tends to cause disseminated infections (44). The great majority of these cases were reported from humans, while reports of infections of other warmblooded mammals are extremely rare (20). Another category is disseminated infections with chromoblastomycosis-like lesions but without cerebral involvement, such as in Veronaea botryosa (45).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fonsecaea pugnacius, a Novel Agent of Disseminated Chromoblastomycosis

et al. 2015

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fWe report a fatal case of a chromoblastomycosis-like infection caused by a novel species of Fonsecaea in a 52-year-old immunocompetent Caucasian male from an area of chromoblastomycosis endemicity in Brazil. The patient had a 30-year history of slowly evolving, verrucous lesions on the right upper arm which gradually affected the entire arm, the left hemifacial area, and the nose. Subsequent dissemination to the brain was observed, which led to death of the patient. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and partial large subunit (LSU), BT2, and CDC42 genes of the isolates recovered from skin and brain were sequenced, confirming the novelty of the species. The species is clinically unique in causing brain abscesses secondary to chromoblastomycosis lesions despite the apparent intact immunity of the patient. Histopathologic appearances were very different, showing muriform cells in skin and hyphae in brain.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fonsecaea infections are relatively frequent in the humid climate zones of Brazil and southern China (7,20). The state of Maranhão in northeast Brazil is a region of chromoblastomycosis hyperendemicity.…”

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Fonsecaea pugnacius, a Novel Agent of Disseminated Chromoblastomycosis

et al. 2015

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“…The discovery of natural habitats of the fungi and the source of fungal parasitic infection for humans is crucial for understanding the development of pathogenicity in those organisms [65]. Fungi responsible for CBM are found in the environment in the world and are part of the microbiota, which decomposes organic matter in soil and water.…”

Section: Epidemiology and Ecologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromoblastomycosis

Krzyściak¹,

Pindycka-Piaszczyńska²,

Piaszczyński³

2014

pdia

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Chromoblastomycosis is a chronic fungal infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue. The infection usually results from a traumatic injury and inoculation of microorganism from a specific group of dematiaceous fungi (usually Fonsecaea pedrosoi, Phialophora verrucosa, Cladophialophora carrionii). In the tissues fungi produce characteristic sclerotic cells or muriform cells. Dermal lesions can range from small nodules to large papillary-like eruptions. The disease has been described worldwide but the prevalence is higher in rural populations in countries with a tropical or subtropical climate, such as Madagascar in Africa and Brazil in South America. Diagnostic techniques are based on direct examination, culture and histopathology. Despite a variety of treatment modalities, which include long courses of antifungals, surgical excision and destructive physical therapies, the disease remains one of the most difficult deep mycotic infections to eradicate.

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“…2007). The same pattern is observed in the bantiana-clade, which harbours Fonsecaea and Cladophialophora , with an abundance of species causing serious human diseases (de Hoog et al., 2011, Najafzadeh et al., 2011a, Najafzadeh et al., 2011b, Sun et al., 2012) as well in Rhinocladiella mackenziei . The trends in all clades are approximate since pathogenic species are often flanked by free-living species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the genomic diversity of black yeasts and relatives (Chaetothyriales,Ascomycota)

Teixeira¹,

Moreno²,

Stielow³

et al. 2017

Studies in Mycology

157

217

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The order Chaetothyriales (Pezizomycotina, Ascomycetes) harbours obligatorily melanised fungi and includes numerous etiologic agents of chromoblastomycosis, phaeohyphomycosis and other diseases of vertebrate hosts. Diseases range from mild cutaneous to fatal cerebral or disseminated infections and affect humans and cold-blooded animals globally. In addition, Chaetothyriales comprise species with aquatic, rock-inhabiting, ant-associated, and mycoparasitic life-styles, as well as species that tolerate toxic compounds, suggesting a high degree of versatile extremotolerance. To understand their biology and divergent niche occupation, we sequenced and annotated a set of 23 genomes of main the human opportunists within the Chaetothyriales as well as related environmental species. Our analyses included fungi with diverse life-styles, namely opportunistic pathogens and closely related saprobes, to identify genomic adaptations related to pathogenesis. Furthermore, ecological preferences of Chaetothyriales were analysed, in conjuncture with the order-level phylogeny based on conserved ribosomal genes. General characteristics, phylogenomic relationships, transposable elements, sex-related genes, protein family evolution, genes related to protein degradation (MEROPS), carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes), melanin synthesis and secondary metabolism were investigated and compared between species. Genome assemblies varied from 25.81 Mb (Capronia coronata) to 43.03 Mb (Cladophialophora immunda). The bantiana-clade contained the highest number of predicted genes (12 817 on average) as well as larger genomes. We found a low content of mobile elements, with DNA transposons from Tc1/Mariner superfamily being the most abundant across analysed species. Additionally, we identified a reduction of carbohydrate degrading enzymes, specifically many of the Glycosyl Hydrolase (GH) class, while most of the Pectin Lyase (PL) genes were lost in etiological agents of chromoblastomycosis and phaeohyphomycosis. An expansion was found in protein degrading peptidase enzyme families S12 (serine-type D-Ala-D-Ala carboxypeptidases) and M38 (isoaspartyl dipeptidases). Based on genomic information, a wide range of abilities of melanin biosynthesis was revealed; genes related to metabolically distinct DHN, DOPA and pyomelanin pathways were identified. The MAT (MAting Type) locus and other sex-related genes were recognized in all 23 black fungi. Members of the asexual genera Fonsecaea and Cladophialophora appear to be heterothallic with a single copy of either MAT-1-1 or MAT-1-2 in each individual. All Capronia species are homothallic as both MAT1-1 and MAT1-2 genes were found in each single genome. The genomic synteny of the MAT-locus flanking genes (SLA2-APN2-COX13) is not conserved in black fungi as is commonly observed in Eurotiomycetes, indicating a unique genomic context for MAT in those species. The heterokaryon (het) genes expansion associated with the low selective pressure at the MAT-locus suggests that a parasexual cycle may play an important r...

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Molecular Epidemiology ofFonsecaeaSpecies

Abstract: These fungi disperse slowly, leading to changes in structure at different geographic locations.

Cited by 60 publications

References 32 publications

Fonsecaea pugnacius, a Novel Agent of Disseminated Chromoblastomycosis

Fonsecaea pugnacius, a Novel Agent of Disseminated Chromoblastomycosis

Chromoblastomycosis

Exploring the genomic diversity of black yeasts and relatives (Chaetothyriales,Ascomycota)

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