Molecular Epidemiology of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> among South African Gold Miners

Mathema, Barun; Lewis, James J.; Connors, Jeremy; Chihota, Violet; Shashkina, Elena; Meulen, Minty van der; Graviss, Edward A.; Ha, Ngan P.; Kreiswirth, Barry N.; Grant, Alison D.; Fielding, Katherine; Dorman, Susan E.; Churchyard, Gavin J.

doi:10.1513/annalsats.201404-150oc

Cited by 19 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…While our results identified potential epidemiological links between TB transmission and socio-economic risk factors, we were surprised by the paucity of associations with many of the risk factors investigated, and with the composite social and economic scores. However, a study by Mathema et al in South African gold-miners also could not establish any risk factors for TB transmission and this finding was posseted to be due to a universally high risk for disease in that population [32]. Our findings in this study point to a similar scenario, with difficulty identifying specific transmission risk factors in a generally low socio-economic community with exceptionally high TB disease and transmission rates [33,34].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 68%

TB transmission is associated with prolonged stay in a low socio-economic, high burdened TB and HIV community in Cape Town, South Africa

et al. 2020

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Background: While several studies have assessed the associations between biological factors and tuberculosis (TB) transmission, our understanding of the associations between TB transmission and social and economic factors remains incomplete. We aimed to explore associations between community TB transmission and socioeconomic factors within a high TB-HIV burdened setting. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional molecular epidemiology study among adult patients attending a routine TB clinic. Demographic and clinical data were extracted from TB registers and clinical folders; social and economic data were collected using interviewer-administered questionnaires; Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates were genotyped and classified as clustered/non-clustered using IS6110-based Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism. Composite "social" and "economic" scores were generated from social and economic data. Data were analyzed using StataCorp version 15.0 software. Stratified, bivariable analyses were performed using chisquared. Wilcoxon signed rank tests; univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were developed to explore associations in the social, economic, traditional and composite TB risk factors with TB transmission. Results: Of the 505 patient Mtb strains, 348(69%) cases were classified as clustered and 157(31%) were nonclustered. Clustered cases were more likely to have lived longer in the study community, (odds ratio [OR] = 1.05, 95% Confidence interval [C.I]:1.02-1.09, p = 0.006); in the same house (OR = 1.04, C.I: 0.99-1.08, p = 0.06); and had increased household crowding conditions (i.e fewer rooms used for sleeping, OR = 0.45, C.I:0.21-0.95, p = 0.04). Although a higher proportion of clustered cases had a low economic score, no statistically significant association was found between clustering and either the economic score (p = 0.13) or social score (p = 0.26). Conclusions: We report a novel association between Mtb transmission and prolonged stay within a high burdened community. Transmission was also associated with fewer rooms for sleeping in a household. Increased social interaction and prolonged residence in a high burdened community are important factors linked to Mtb transmission, possibly due to increased probability of higher effective contact rates. The possible importance of degrees of poverty within low socioeconomic setting warrants further study.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 68%

TB transmission is associated with prolonged stay in a low socio-economic, high burdened TB and HIV community in Cape Town, South Africa

et al. 2020

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“…Gene polymorphisms and protein products involved in immunologic protective response determine the degree of MTB resistance as well as disease severity and duration [17,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Interleukins Genes Polymorphisms with Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis in Ukrainian Population

Butov

Kuzhko²,

Makeeva

et al. 2016

Advances in Respiratory Medicine

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Introduction: Multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) is a significant health problem in some parts of the world. Three major cytokines involved in TB immunopathogenesis include IL-2, IL-4 and IL-10. The susceptibility to MDR TB may be genetically determined. The aim of the study was to assess the association of IL-2, IL-4, IL-10 gene polymorphisms with multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) in Ukrainian population. Material and methods: We observed 140 patients suffering from infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis (PT) and 30 apparently healthy subjects. The patients were assigned to two groups whether they suffer or do not suffer from pulmonary MDR TB. Interleukin gene (IL) polymorphisms, particularly T330G polymorphism in the IL-2 gene, C589T polymorphism in the IL-4 gene and G1082A polymorphism in the IL-10 gene were studied through polymerase chain reaction. Circulating levels of IL-2, IL-4 and IL-10 in venous blood were estimated using ELISA. Results: Prior to treatment, patients with PT showed significant increase of IL-2 levels and decrease of IL-4 and IL-10 levels compared to apparently healthy subjects. Circulating IL-4 and IL-10 levels were significantly decreased whilst serum IL-2 level was significantly increased in patients with MDR TB compared to non-MDR TB. Low IL-4 and IL-10 secretion and considerable IL-2 alterations were shown to be significantly associated with mutations of homozygous and heterozygous genotypes affecting C589T polymorphism in the IL-4 gene, G1082A polymorphism in the IL-10 gene and T330G polymorphism in the IL-2 gene in patients with PT. Conclusions: Heterozygous genotype and mutations homozygous genotypes gene in polymorphisms determining specified cytokines’ production is a PT risk factor and may lead to disease progression into chronic phase. Heterozygous genotype of aforementioned cytokine genetic polymorphisms was significantly the most frequent in patients with MDR TB.

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“…Overall, 51% of the isolates were clustered into 11 different spoligotype patterns whereas the remaining 49% of isolates were singletons. Comparable rates of clustering were found and reported in different regions of Ethiopia (Debebe et al, 2014;Tessema et al, 2013), South Africa (45%) (Mathema et al, 2015) and in Zambia (37.7%) (Mulenga et al, 2010). This high level of clustering strains suggests that the presence of recent human-to-human transmission in the southeastern parts of Ethiopia.The most frequently occurring clustered strains were SIT149 (13.0%) and SIT53 (11.9%), respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

Spoligotyping and Drug Sensitivity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients in the Arsi Zone of South Eastern Ethiopia

Haile

Tafess²,

Zewude

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Background Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the leading disease causing morbidity and mortality in different zones of Ethiopia including the Arsi Zone. However, little or no scientific information is available on the strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and their drug sensitivity profiles in this Zone. This study was conducted to identify the strains of M. tuberculosis and evaluate their drug sensitivity profiles. Methodology A total of 111 clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis from patients with pulmonary TB in the Arsi Zone were used for this study. The region of difference 9 (RD 9)-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR)and spoligotyping methods were used for speciation and strain identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis respectively.The spoligotyping patterns were compared with the international SpolDB4 (SITVIT) and Run TB-Lineage used for the identification of lineages. The phenotypic drug susceptibility patterns were confirmed by BD BactecMGIT 960 SIRE test and GenoType MTBDRplus line probe assays were used for the detection the drug resistance-conferring mutations of the isolates. Result The spoligotype patterns of 83% (92/111) of the isolates were interpretable and 56 different patterns were identified. Twenty-two of these patterns were shared types while the remaining 34 were orphans. The predominant shared types were spoligotype international type (SIT) 149 and SIT53, each consisting of 12 and 11 isolates, respectively. The lineages identified were Euro-American, East-African-Indian, Mycobacterium-africanum, and Indo-Oceanic in descending order. Phenotypically, 17.2% of the 64 tested isolates were resistant to any of the four first-line drugs while 3.1% of them were multi-drug resistant (MDR). Higher (6.2%) monoresistance was observed to Streptomycin followed by Isoniazid (3.1%) while no resistance was observed either to Rifampicin or to Ethambutol. Genotypically, five (5.4%) isolates were resistant to Isoniazid and mutated at codon S315T1 of katG. On the other hand, only 1.1% of the isolates was resistant to Rifampicin and mutated at codon S531L of rpoB gene. Conclusion The proportion of orphan strains isolated in this study was high, which could suggest the presence of new strains in the Zone. Moreover, the study showed relatively high percentage of mono-resistance to any four first-line drugs warranting for the need to strengthen the control efforts.

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Molecular Epidemiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis among South African Gold Miners

Cited by 19 publications

References 42 publications

TB transmission is associated with prolonged stay in a low socio-economic, high burdened TB and HIV community in Cape Town, South Africa

TB transmission is associated with prolonged stay in a low socio-economic, high burdened TB and HIV community in Cape Town, South Africa

Association of Interleukins Genes Polymorphisms with Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis in Ukrainian Population

Spoligotyping and Drug Sensitivity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients in the Arsi Zone of South Eastern Ethiopia

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