Molecular Epidemiology of<i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>Causing Invasive Disease in 5 Countries

Henriques, Birgitta; Kalin, Mats; Örtqvist, Åke; Liljequist, B. Olsson; Almela, Manuel; Marrie, Tom; Mufson, Maurice A.; Torres, Antônio; Woodhead, Mark; Svenson, Stefan B.; Källenius, Gunilla

doi:10.1086/315761

Cited by 94 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Data collected over a 2-year period (1984 and 1985) from a South African hospital in Gauteng Province in South Africa showed that serotype 3 caused higher case fatality ratios than other serotypes (10). High mortality rates have also been observed in serotype 3 cases from other countries, including Spain and the United States (14). We found high case fatality ratios in this population dominated by HIV-infected individuals, with no difference between serotype 3 compared with non-serotype 3 cases.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

“…Pneumococci with serotype 3 capsules are associated with invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in older children and adults (13,14). Serotype 3 pneumococci have been associated with higher case fatality ratios compared to other serotypes (14).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Serotype 3 pneumococci have been associated with higher case fatality ratios compared to other serotypes (14). In South Africa, the importance of serotype 3 was highlighted when it was shown to be the major cause of intensive care admissions of patients with pneumococcal pneumonia in a tertiary care hospital in Johannesburg from January 1984 to December 1985 (10).…”

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confidence: 99%

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An Unusual Pneumococcal Sequence Type Is the Predominant Cause of Serotype 3 Invasive Disease in South Africa

et al. 2010

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We reviewed pneumococcal serotype 3 cases reported from 2000 through 2005 to a laboratory-based surveillance system for invasive pneumococcal disease in South Africa. The prevalence of serotype 3 invasive isolates was compared to their prevalence in carriage isolates to determine the odds of invasiveness due to serotype 3 among South African children. Three groups of serotype 3 strains were characterized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) or Box element PCR (BOX-PCR), randomly selected invasive isolates from one province, isolates from a carriage study involving children in the same province, and antimicrobial-resistant invasive isolates collected nationally. Examples of the PFGE types identified were further characterized by multilocus sequence typing.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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An Unusual Pneumococcal Sequence Type Is the Predominant Cause of Serotype 3 Invasive Disease in South Africa

et al. 2010

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“…Some capsular serotypes have been shown to cause more severe and lethal disease than others (12). Mortality rates from invasive disease were increased with serotypes 3, 5, and 23, while infections with serotypes 1, 4, 6, 9V, 12F, and 14 were associated with lower mortality rates (3,31,34,46). Furthermore, during experimental pneumococcal meningitis serotypes 3 and 23 caused more severe inflammation than serotypes 1, 5, 9, and 7F (26,67).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Phenotypic Characterization ofStreptococcus pneumoniaeBiofilm Development

et al. 2006

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Streptococcus pneumoniae is among the most common pathogens associated with chronic otitis media with effusion, which has been hypothesized to be a biofilm disease. S. pneumoniae has been shown to form biofilms, however, little is known about the developmental process, the architecture, and the changes that occur upon biofilm development. In the current study we made use of a continuous-culture biofilm system to characterize biofilm development of 14 different S. pneumoniae strains representing at least 10 unique serotypes. The biofilm development process was found to occur in three distinct stages, including initial attachment, cluster formation, and biofilm maturation. While all 14 pneumococcal strains displayed similar developmental stages, the mature biofilm architecture differed significantly among the serotypes tested. Overall, three biofilm architectural groups were detected based on biomass, biofilm thickness, and cluster size. The biofilm viable cell counts and total protein concentration increased steadily over the course of biofilm development, reaching ϳ8 ؋ 10 8 cells and ϳ15 mg of protein per biofilm after 9 days of biofilm growth. Proteomic analysis confirmed the presence of distinct biofilm developmental stages by the detection of multiple phenotypes over the course of biofilm development. The biofilm development process was found to correlate not only with differential production of proteins but also with a dramatic increase in the number of detectable proteins, indicating that biofilm formation by S. pneumoniae may be a far more complex process than previously anticipated. Protein identification revealed that proteins involved in virulence, adhesion, and resistance were more abundant under biofilm growth conditions. A possible role of the identified proteins in biofilm formation is discussed.Streptococcus pneumoniae is an important human pathogen that causes an array of diseases, including acute bacterial sinusitis, meningitis, and bacteremia, and remains the major cause of acute bacterial pneumonia and otitis media. Worldwide, approximately 1.1 million deaths annually are attributed to S. pneumoniae infection (42). S. pneumoniae is among the most common microorganisms isolated from otitis media specimens, others including Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Alliococcus otiditis (30). The gram-positive, opportunistic pathogen S. pneumoniae has been cultured from approximately 40% of middle-ear fluid samples taken from patients with acute otitis media (9, 24).Next to the common cold, otitis media is the most commonly diagnosed childhood illness in the United States. Otitis media is a clinical diagnosis and the most prevalent infectious disease in children, characterized by the accumulation of fluid in the middle-ear space. Approximately one-third of all children experience three or more episodes of acute otitis media by the age of 3 years (27). Conductive hearing loss is a major consequence of otitis media that may affect the child's behavior, education, or development of language ...

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“…Thus, the actual dimension of the link between transmissibility and resistance may be difficult to evaluate without extensive studies on the population biology of microbes associated with humans. Although the epidemiology of nonvirulent and nonresistant organisms remains to be evaluated, some important observations (163) indicate that in countries such as Sweden, where antibiotic-mediated selection is low, epidemics of antibioticsusceptible but pathogenic bacteria may be, as in the preantibiotic era, the usual case. Studies of commensal bacteria in wild animals also suggest that the gut flora of wild populations with little human contact (and thus no contact with antibiotics) shows very low levels of antibiotic resistance (288), whereas those from the guts of animals that have been in contact with humans show higher levels of antibiotic resistance (143,144).…”

Section: Are Antibiotic-resistant Bacteria More or Less Epidemic?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions among Strategies Associated with Bacterial Infection: Pathogenicity, Epidemicity, and Antibiotic Resistance

2002

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SUMMARY Infections have been the major cause of disease throughout the history of human populations. With the introduction of antibiotics, it was thought that this problem should disappear. However, bacteria have been able to evolve to become antibiotic resistant. Nowadays, a proficient pathogen must be virulent, epidemic, and resistant to antibiotics. Analysis of the interplay among these features of bacterial populations is needed to predict the future of infectious diseases. In this regard, we have reviewed the genetic linkage of antibiotic resistance and bacterial virulence in the same genetic determinants as well as the cross talk between antibiotic resistance and virulence regulatory circuits with the aim of understanding the effect of acquisition of resistance on bacterial virulence. We also discuss the possibility that antibiotic resistance and bacterial virulence might prevail as linked phenotypes in the future. The novel situation brought about by the worldwide use of antibiotics is undoubtedly changing bacterial populations. These changes might alter the properties of not only bacterial pathogens, but also the normal host microbiota. The evolutionary consequences of the release of antibiotics into the environment are largely unknown, but most probably restoration of the microbiota from the preantibiotic era is beyond our current abilities.

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Molecular Epidemiology ofStreptococcus pneumoniaeCausing Invasive Disease in 5 Countries

Cited by 94 publications

References 35 publications

An Unusual Pneumococcal Sequence Type Is the Predominant Cause of Serotype 3 Invasive Disease in South Africa

An Unusual Pneumococcal Sequence Type Is the Predominant Cause of Serotype 3 Invasive Disease in South Africa

Phenotypic Characterization ofStreptococcus pneumoniaeBiofilm Development

Interactions among Strategies Associated with Bacterial Infection: Pathogenicity, Epidemicity, and Antibiotic Resistance

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