Molecular Epidemiology of Panton-Valentine Leukocidin Harboring Hospital-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Septicemic Children, Northeastern Iran, Bojnurd

Abstract

Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is responsible for an increasing number of serious hospital-and community-acquired infections in adults and children. Sepsis caused by S. aureus is one of the major health problems associated with treatment failure in adults; however, its clinical outcomes, the rate of treatment failure, and its molecular epidemiology are poorly understood. Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the molecular epidemiology of Panton-Valentine Leukocidin (PVL) harboring MRSA strains isolated from children's blood culture in Bojnurd. Methods: Totally, 58 S. aureus strains were isolated from blood cultures in the major teaching hospital in Bojnurd. After the primary verification of Methicillin resistance by agar screening method, the isolated MRSA strains were confirmed with the detection of the mecA gene. MecA-positive strains evaluated for SCCmec, agr, and toxin profiles. Panton-valentine leucocidin-positive isolates were subjected to be evaluated for spa and sequence type (ST). Results: Our data indicated 53.4% (31) of isolates were MRSA. Twelve (38.7%) of these isolates had PVL gene that 25% (3) of them had tsst-1 gene and 58.3% (7) had etb gene. One (3.2%), 64.5% (20), and 32.2% (10) of these isolates belonged to SCCmec I, III, and IV, respectively. Predominant ST and spa types among PVL positive isolates were ST6 and t304, respectively. Conclusions: We had an uncommon finding because PVL was routinely found in community-acquired MRSA, but in this study we found PVL harboring hospital-associated MRSAs. A notable point about these isolates is that most of them belonged to Asian endemic clones.

Isolation and Genetic Characterization of Vancomycin-resistant and mecC+ Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains in Clinical Samples of Bojnurd, Northeastern Iran

“…As discussed in many previously published articles, the source of vanA gene can be vancomycin-resistant enterococci or other vancomycin-resistant staphylococci (20). If the VRSA isolates are the source of resistance genes, we should find the same clones in different samples; but regarding the diversity of genetic clones of our isolates, we may Predict the independent acquisition of resistance in different isolates.…”

A Survey of Methicillin-Resistance Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Patients Hospitalized in the ICU, NICU and Surgical Departments of Tehran University of Medical Sciences Hospitals

“…The pathogenesis of this bacterium is further accentuated by the prevalence of antibiotic resistance among S. aureus isolates, often necessitating the use of more sophisticated treatment options [12]. The [13][14][15]. In some studies, no significant relationship has been observed between gender and the rate of MRSA infection but in some other studies, they have stated that this infection is more common in young people, and in some other studies, they have found this to be the case in the elderly [16,17].…”

Prevalence, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Molecular Characteristics of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci Isolated from Children’s Blood Cultures in Northeastern Iran Within 2013 - 2019

“…The antibiogram test was performed using tetracycline (TET), cefoxitin (CEF), moxifloxacin (MOX), levofloxacin (LEV), erythromycin (ERY), rifampicin (RIF), clindamycin (CLN), penicillin (PEN), gentamicin (GEN), minocycline (MIN), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (COT), vancomycin (VAN), and linezolid (LIN) antimicrobial disks using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method (MASTDISCS TM , UK) based on Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines (14).…”