Molecular epidemiology of rabies in Guangxi Province, south of China

Liu, Qi; Xiong, Yi; Luo, Ting; Wei, You-Chuan; Nan, Song-Jian; Liu, Fang; Pan, Yawen; Feng, Liang; Zhu, Wei; Liu, K e; Guo, Jiang; Hua-ming, LI

doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2007.04.021

Cited by 28 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Under Indian scenario, it is clear that the spatial spread of rabies viruses is limited by geographical boundaries or topographical barriers and not by political boundaries. Similar findings on grouping of viruses based on geography was previously reported for isolates from Indian sub-continent [20][21][22]28] and also other part of the world [11,13,19]. This finding indicates that rough idea for place of origin of rabies virus can be made using G gene based sequence analysis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Molecular and immunogenic characterization of BHK-21 cell line adapted CVS-11 strain of rabies virus and future prospect in vaccination strategy

et al. 2015

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Development of a cost effective quality vaccine is a key issue in rabies control programme in developing countries. With this perspective, in the present study, challenge virus standard (CVS)-11 strain of rabies virus was adapted to grow in BHK-21 cells, characterized, compared with other viruses including global vaccine strains and field isolates from Indian subcontinent and China at molecular level. This cell adapted virus was evaluated for the production of cost effective veterinary vaccine. The maximum virus titre achieved was 10 7 fluorescent focus unit (FFU)/mL at 10th passage level. There was no nucleotide difference in the nucleoprotein (N) and glycoprotein (G) genes after adaptation in cell line. Phylogenetic analysis showed that adapted virus was grouped with global vaccine strains, closest being with other CVS strains but distinct from the Indian field isolates. Global vaccine strains including cell adapted CVS-11 virus have 83-87 % identity at nucleotide level of G gene with Indian field viruses. Growth kinetics of cell culture adapted virus showed that the optimum virus titer (around 10 7 FFU/mL) could be obtained at around 48 h post infection by cocultivation method using 0.1 multiplicity of infection inoculums at 37°C. These findings can be used for up scaling of vaccine production. The protective efficacy of test vaccine produced using 10 6.95 FFU/mL cell culture harvest showed 1.17 IU/mL relative potency by NIH test. Further, adapted virus was found to be suitable for use in rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Molecular and immunogenic characterization of BHK-21 cell line adapted CVS-11 strain of rabies virus and future prospect in vaccination strategy

et al. 2015

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“…Commodities, including animal trading, from Southeast Asian countries must pass through Guangxi before entering the mainland. 8,22 Our evolutionary estimation suggests that the Chinese RABVs in current circulation originated at about year 1115 AD, in accordance with a previous report. 14 This is inconsistent with records of dog rabies in China which trace the disease back at least 2000 years 1 ; Viral lineages that no longer circulate may have been responsible for those early outbreaks.…”

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confidence: 91%

Transmission dynamics of rabies in China over the last 40 years: 1969–2009

Shao

et al. 2010

Journal of Clinical Virology

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“…Zhang et al (2006) and Meng et al (2007) previously studied the molecular epidemiology of rabies virus (RABV) in China and identified three main phylogenetic groups of street viruses that clustered with strains from Indonesia and Thailand/Malaysia and the cosmopolitan lineage that includes many vaccine strains. Although closely related viruses were often recovered from particular regions, in some provinces, such as Hunan, Guizhou and Guangxi (Zhang et al, 2006;Liu et al, 2007), samples yielded isolates from two or more main groupings, indicating that substantial movement and mixing of strains was occurring in these regions. Extensive migration of humans and their associated animals in recent times is likely to have contributed to this pattern.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The complicated situation of RABV in Guangxi was described previously. Liu et al (2007) collected 42 samples from suspected rabid animals from different areas of Guangxi from 2000 to 2005 and amplified partial N gene sequences; these sequencing data were used for phylogenetic analysis. Nucleotide homology comparisons and phylogenetic tree analysis based on these sequences indicated that all the RABV isolates could be divided into four groups.…”

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A history estimate and evolutionary analysis of rabies virus variants in China

Ming

Yan

Rayner

et al. 2009

Journal of General Virology

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To investigate the evolutionary dynamics of rabies virus (RABV) in China, we collected and sequenced 55 isolates sampled from 14 Chinese provinces over the last 40 years and performed a coalescent-based analysis of the G gene. This revealed that the RABV currently circulating in China is composed of three main groups. Bayesian coalescent analysis estimated the date of the most recent common ancestor for the current RABV Chinese strains to be 1412 (with a 95 % confidence interval of 1006-1736). The estimated mean substitution rate for the G gene sequences (3.961¾10"4 substitutions per site per year) was in accordance with previous reports for RABV.Rabies has become an important public health concern in countries in Asia and Africa. It is estimated that this disease is responsible for over 55 000 human deaths annually, of which approximately 56 % occur in Asia and 44 % in Africa (WHO, 2005). Rabies was first described in China in about 556 BC and has been continually reported for the following 2500 years (Wang & Huang 2001 et al., 2005). In this study, we used Bayesian MCMC methods to analyse sequences from the highly variable G gene of RABV to determine phylogenetic relationships. By using G gene data collected over several years from almost all regions that had experienced cases of rabies, we investigated the evolution of RABV variants and determined the population history of RABV circulating in China.A total of 55 complete G gene sequences (1572 nt) isolated from four hosts (dog, human, cattle and deer) from 14The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession numbers for the 25 RABV G gene sequences isolated in this study are FJ602447-FJ602459 and FJ418876-FJ418887. provinces, administrative municipalities and autonomous regions of China were analysed. The four hosts from which the viruses were isolated represent reservoirs and spillover hosts. Of these isolates, 25 were newly sequenced as part of this study (GenBank accession nos FJ602447-FJ602459) by using methods described previously (Meng et al., 2007); the remaining 30 isolates were obtained from GenBank. The year of isolation was available for all the isolates; full details are provided in Fig. 1 and Table 1.Estimates of the rate of molecular evolution, m (substitutions per site per year), and the time to most recent common ancestor (TMRCA) for the complete G gene alignment were obtained using a Bayesian MCMC method which was implemented in the BEAST program (available at http://beast.bio.ed.ac.uk/Main_Page). The best-fit model of nucleotide substitution for Bayesian analysis was selected with the MODELTEST software using Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) (Posada & Crandall, 1998). The general time reversible (GTR) substitution model, incorporating a proportion of invariable sites (I) and a gamma distribution of rate variation among sites (C4) was used for the BEAST analysis. We employed both strict and relaxed (uncorrelated exponential and lognormal) molecular clocks (Drummond et al., 2006) to explore the extent of variation in the rate of nucleotide substitution and ...

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Molecular epidemiology of rabies in Guangxi Province, south of China

Cited by 28 publications

References 42 publications

Molecular and immunogenic characterization of BHK-21 cell line adapted CVS-11 strain of rabies virus and future prospect in vaccination strategy

Molecular and immunogenic characterization of BHK-21 cell line adapted CVS-11 strain of rabies virus and future prospect in vaccination strategy

Transmission dynamics of rabies in China over the last 40 years: 1969–2009

A history estimate and evolutionary analysis of rabies virus variants in China

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