Molecular epidemiology of rabies virus in Poland

Orłowska, Anna; Zmudzinski, J.F.

doi:10.1007/s00705-014-2045-z

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The majority of the Baltic rabies isolates grouped with the North-East European lineage (NEE), forming one strongly supported group (bootstrap value of 83). The NEE group consisted of 52 samples from the Baltic States and 21 published viral sequences ( S1 Table ) [ 38 , 49 – 51 ]. Both wild and domestic species fell in the NEE group.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rabies in the Baltic States: Decoding a Process of Control and Elimination

et al. 2016

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Rabies is a fatal zoonosis that still causes nearly 70, 000 human deaths every year. In Europe, the oral rabies vaccination (ORV) of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) was developed in the late 1970s and has demonstrated its effectiveness in the eradication of the disease in Western and some Central European countries. Following the accession of the three Baltic countries—Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania—to the European Union in 2004, subsequent financial support has allowed the implementation of regular ORV campaigns since 2005–2006. This paper reviews ten years of surveillance efforts and ORV campaigns in these countries resulting in the near eradication of the disease. The various factors that may have influenced the results of vaccination monitoring were assessed using generalized linear models (GLMs) on bait uptake and on herd immunity. As shown in previous studies, juveniles had lower bait uptake level than adults. For the first time, raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) were shown to have significantly lower bait uptake proportion compared with red foxes. This result suggests potentially altered ORV effectiveness in this invasive species compared to the red foxes. An extensive phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the North-East European (NEE) rabies phylogroup is endemic in all three Baltic countries. Although successive oral vaccination campaigns have substantially reduced the number of detected rabies cases, sporadic detection of the C lineage (European part of Russian phylogroup) underlines the risk of reintroduction via westward spread from bordering countries. Vaccine induced cases were also reported for the first time in non-target species (Martes martes and Meles meles).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rabies in the Baltic States: Decoding a Process of Control and Elimination

et al. 2016

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“…This amino acid replacement was reported in one rabies related virus isolate from Poland having accession number AF298142. 26 The amino acid replacement N375K was found in all studied sequences and Delhi sequences of the year 2013 and other Indian states like Uttar Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh and Rajasthan. This is also exhibited in neighboring countries isolates like Nepal (JX944593) and Pakistan (HE802675).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…The amplification of G gene fragment of 590-bp of RABV was carried out using one step RT-PCR kit (Qiagen, Germany) on ABI 9700 Thermal cycler (Applied Biosystems, USA) using primers Gp2L (5'-AGT AGA GGG AAG AGA GCATCC A-3') and Gp2P (5'-GAG GAT AGG AAC AAC TCCAT-3'). 26 The thermal profile for the amplification was as follows: first cycle of reverse transcription at 50 0 C for 30 min, followed by initial denaturation at 95 0 C for 15 min; 35 cycles of denaturation at 95 0 C for 30 s, annealing at 62 0 C for 30 s, and elongation at 72 0 C for 1 min and a final extension at 72 0 C for 10 min. The amplified PCR products (590-bp) were run in ethidium bromide (0.5 μg/mL) stained 1.2% agarose gel and were visualized under UV transilluminator (Gel Documentation System, Alpha Imager EC, USA).…”

Section: Reverse Transcription-polymerase Chain Reaction (Rt-pcr)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Study of Glycoprotein (G) Gene Region of Rabies Virus from Spotted Deer, Delhi, India

Chhabra¹

2018

JCD

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Rabies is a viral zoonotic disease of public health importance in India. The disease is usually transmitted by a rabid animal bite, scratches and licks on broken skin and mucous membrane. Rabies is reported from all continents except Antarctica although prevalence is more in Asia and Africa. India is endemic for rabies virus (RABV) throughout the country except for islands of Lakshadweep, Andaman & Nicobar. In the present study, brain samples of clinically suspected animals obtained during the RABV outbreak at National Zoological Park, New Delhi, India, in 2016 were initially tested for rabies antigen by DFAT. All the 32 DFAT positive brain samples were then processed for RNA isolation. The extracted RNA was amplified for glycoprotein (G) gene of 590 bp by RT-PCR followed by nucleotide sequencing. Nucleotide alignment revealed only substitutions without any insertion or deletion. Amino acid alignment revealed replacement at four positions namely L244I, T264A, M310I and N375K. The amino acid change at position where Leucine is replaced by Isoleucine has not been observed in available RABV references of the G gene region either from India or other countries. This mutation was observed in all the samples included in the present study. A phylogenetic tree showed that all the study sequences belonged to Arctic like 1a lineage, in RABV genotype 1. In conclusion, RABV in the study region is acquiring genetic variation; which may have effect on the pathogenicity. This indicates that continued molecular surveillance of the circulating rabies virus strains should be carried out.

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“…RABV RNA codes five proteins and the N gene-coding nucleoprotein is the most conservative fragment within the RABV genome (13). Traditionally, the N gene was utilised as the favourite not only for RABV detection but also for viral speciation and phylogenetic analysis (4,20,21). Partial or full nucleoprotein gene sequencing using the Sanger method is mostly valuable for preliminary phylogenetic studies and identification of RABV species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of direct metagenomics and target enriched approaches for high-throughput sequencing of field rabies viruses

Orłowska

Iwan

Smreczak

et al. 2019

Journal of Veterinary Research

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IntroductionHigh-throughput sequencing (HTS) identifies random viral fragments in environmental samples metagenomically. High reliability gains it broad application in virus evolution, host-virus interaction, and pathogenicity studies. Deep sequencing of field samples with content of host genetic material and bacteria often produces insufficient data for metagenomics and must be preceded by target enrichment. The main goal of the study was the evaluation of HTS for complete genome sequencing of field-case rabies viruses (RABVs).Material and MethodsThe material was 23 RABVs isolated mainly from red foxes and one European bat lyssavirus-1 isolate propagated in neuroblastoma cells. Three methods of RNA isolation were tested for the direct metagenomics and RABV-enriched approaches. Deep sequencing was performed with a MiSeq sequencer (Illumina) and reagent v3 kit. Bioinformatics data were evaluated by Kraken and Centrifuge software and de novo assembly was done with metaSPAdes.ResultsTesting RNA extraction procedures revealed the deep sequencing scope superiority of the combined TRIzol/column method. This HTS methodology made it possible to obtain complete genomes of all the RABV isolates collected in the field. Significantly greater rates of RABV genome coverages (over 5,900) were obtained with RABV enrichment. Direct metagenomic studies sequenced the full length of 6 out of 16 RABV isolates with a medium coverage between 1 and 71.ConclusionDirect metagenomics gives the most realistic illustration of the field sample microbiome, but with low coverage. For deep characterisation of viruses, e.g. for spatial and temporal phylogeography during outbreaks, target enrichment is recommended as it covers sequences much more completely.

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Molecular epidemiology of rabies virus in Poland

Cited by 9 publications

References 20 publications

Rabies in the Baltic States: Decoding a Process of Control and Elimination

Rabies in the Baltic States: Decoding a Process of Control and Elimination

Molecular Study of Glycoprotein (G) Gene Region of Rabies Virus from Spotted Deer, Delhi, India

Evaluation of direct metagenomics and target enriched approaches for high-throughput sequencing of field rabies viruses

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