Molecular epidemiology, phylogeny and evolution of dermatophytes

Cafarchia, Claudia; Iatta, Roberta; Latrofa, Maria Stefanía; Gräser, Yvonne; Otranto, Domenico

doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2013.09.005

Cited by 90 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…(1) describe the T. rubrum complex to include only the two anthropophilic species T. rubrum sensu lato and T. violaceum, other taxa previously recognized being reclassified or synonymized as T. rubrum or T. violaceum (29,30). Both T. violaceum and the African T. rubrum (T. soudanense) are endemic in Africa, whereas T. rubrum sensu stricto strains are cosmopolitan.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization–Time of Flight (MALDI-TOF) Mass Spectrometry Using the Vitek MS System for Rapid and Accurate Identification of Dermatophytes on Solid Cultures

et al. 2014

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d; POLE Pharma Consulting, Breganzona, Switzerland e The objective of this research was to extend the Vitek MS fungal knowledge base version 2.0.0 to allow the robust identification of clinically relevant dermatophytes, using a variety of strains, incubation times, and growth conditions. First, we established a quick and reliable method for sample preparation to obtain a reliable and reproducible identification independently of the growth conditions. The Vitek MS V2.0.0 fungal knowledge base was then expanded using 134 well-characterized strains belonging to 17 species in the genera Epidermophyton, Microsporum, and Trichophyton. Cluster analysis based on mass spectrum similarity indicated good species discrimination independently of the culture conditions. We achieved a good separation of the subpopulations of the Trichophyton anamorph of Arthroderma benhamiae and of anthropophilic and zoophilic strains of Trichophyton interdigitale. Overall, the 1,130 mass spectra obtained for dermatophytes gave an estimated identification performance of 98.4%. The expanded fungal knowledge base was then validated using 131 clinical isolates of dermatophytes belonging to 13 taxa. For 8 taxa all strains were correctly identified, and for 3 the rate of successful identification was >90%; 75% (6/8) of the M. gypseum strains were correctly identified, whereas only 47% (18/38) of the African T. rubrum population (also called T. soudanense) were recognized accurately, with a large quantity of strains misidentified as T. violaceum, demonstrating the close relationship of these two taxa. The method of sample preparation was fast and efficient and the expanded Vitek MS fungal knowledge base reliable and robust, allowing reproducible dermatophyte identifications in the routine laboratory. D ermatophytes in the genera Epidermophyton, Microsporum, and Trichophyton are usually characterized and identified by cultural and morphological characters and physiological tests or, more recently, by sequencing (1). Morphological identification is time-consuming and complex, usually requiring expert mycological knowledge, while sequencing is comparatively expensive and at least 2 to 3 days elapse before sequencing results are available.Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) is a reliable technique for the identification and typing of microbial pathogens such as bacteria (2-7), yeasts (8-10), and filamentous fungi, including dermatophytes (7,(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17). Recent studies confirm that this technique may be very attractive for dermatophyte identification (18-22). In one study, the rate of correct identification of isolates belonging to the T. mentagrophytes complex was 89% (19), and in others, the overall rates of successful identification of dermatophyte species reached 95.8% (18), 97.8% (21), and 99.3% (20), demonstrating the potential of MALDI-TOF MS to replace classical identification methods. The technique has now also been used for the direct identification of dermatophytes in c...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization–Time of Flight (MALDI-TOF) Mass Spectrometry Using the Vitek MS System for Rapid and Accurate Identification of Dermatophytes on Solid Cultures

et al. 2014

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“…C. tropicalis is responsible for 3 to 66 percent of gynecological infections in tropical countries [36], it is commonly associated with the development of systemic fungal infections and presents a considerable biological potential as an opportunistic agent in patients with cancer, leukemia and neutropenia [35]. Meanwhile, T. metagrophytes can cause inflammatory skin diseases, affecting the epidermis and skin appendages [37]. …”

Section: Antifungal Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oil of <i>Zingiber officinale</i> Roscoe (Zingiberaceae)

López¹,

Balcázar²,

Mendoza³

et al. 2017

AJPS

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Zingiber officinale, commonly known as ginger, is a species native of tropical Asia. It is grown and used in tropical countries of America, including Mexico, where it is used for the treatment of throat infections. The aim of this study was to determine the chemical composition of essential oil of Z. officinale rhizome and evaluate their antimicrobial activity. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation, and the chemical composition of the oil was determined by GC-MS. To determine the antimicrobial activity diffusion, agar dilution and radial growth inhibition methods were employed. Microbial growth curves were performed on the strains most susceptible. It was identified 28 compounds in the essential oil, the most abundant were eudesmol (8.19%), γ-terpinene (7.88 %), α-curcumene (7.28%), alloaromadendrene (6.56%), zingiberene (6.06 %), α-pinene (5.76 %), δ-cadinene (3.84%), elemol (3.39%), farnesal (3.45%), E-β-farnesene (3.57%), neril acetate (2.8%) and β-myrcene (2.94%). In antimicrobial activity, the essential oil inhibited the growth of 15 bacterial strains, 3 of yeast fungi and 4 of mycelia fungi. The most susceptible strains were S. aureus FES-I (MIC = 0.25 mg/mL) S. epidemidis FES-C (MIC = 0.5 mg/mL), E. faecalis ATCC 14506 (MIC = 1.0 mg/mL), C. tropicalis (CMI = 0.125 mg/mL) and T. mentagrophytes (CF 50 = 0.08 mg/mL). In the microbial growth curves the essential oil showed bactericidal effect on S. aureus FES-I and S. marcescens ATCC 14756 from the first hour of exposure of the strains to oil, eliminating 99.9% of CFU in concentrations of 0.5 and 0.75 mg/mL respectively. The results validate the medicinal use of Z. officinale in the treatment of diseases of possible infectious origin.

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“…Koloni yapısı ve mikroskop incelemesiyle yapılan tanımlama, türler arasındaki benzerlikler nedeniyle önemli bilgi birikimi ve deneyime gereksinim duymaktadır [2][3][4] . Dermatofitlerin tür düzeyinde tanımlanması için 1980'li yıllardan itibaren birçok moleküler yöntem uygulamaya girmiş, bu yöntemlerle elde edilen veriler cins ve tür düzeyinde taksonomik değişikliklerin zorunlu olduğunu göstermiştir 1,2 .…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…Otomatize sistemlerde tanımlamaya yönelik veritabanlarının hızlı şekilde geliştirilmesiyle rutin uygulama sorunlarının bir kısmı çözümlenen kemotaksonomik yöntemler (kültür filtrat proteinlerinin disk elektroforezi, yağ asitleri piroliz-gaz-likit kromatografisi, zimogram paterni analizine yönelik total hücre protein ekstraktlarının poliakrilamid gradienti, ince tabaka poliakrilamid jelde somatik ekstrelerin izoelektrik odaklaması, MALDI-TOF vb. ), klasik tekniklerden daha hızlı ve doğru olarak tanıya ulaşsa da birçok laboratuvar için rutin uygulamalarda ulaşılabilir değildir 2,3 .…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

The Effect of Tween-80 on the Differentiation of Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Trichophyton rubrum Strains with FT-IR Spectroscopy

Ergin

İlkit²,

Gök³

et al. 2014

Mikrobiyol Bul

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Molecular epidemiology, phylogeny and evolution of dermatophytes

Cited by 90 publications

References 88 publications

Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization–Time of Flight (MALDI-TOF) Mass Spectrometry Using the Vitek MS System for Rapid and Accurate Identification of Dermatophytes on Solid Cultures

Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization–Time of Flight (MALDI-TOF) Mass Spectrometry Using the Vitek MS System for Rapid and Accurate Identification of Dermatophytes on Solid Cultures

Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oil of <i>Zingiber officinale</i> Roscoe (Zingiberaceae)

The Effect of Tween-80 on the Differentiation of Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Trichophyton rubrum Strains with FT-IR Spectroscopy

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Molecular epidemiology, phylogeny and evolution of dermatophytes

Cited by 90 publications

References 88 publications

Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization–Time of Flight (MALDI-TOF) Mass Spectrometry Using the Vitek MS System for Rapid and Accurate Identification of Dermatophytes on Solid Cultures

Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization–Time of Flight (MALDI-TOF) Mass Spectrometry Using the Vitek MS System for Rapid and Accurate Identification of Dermatophytes on Solid Cultures

Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oil of &lt;i&gt;Zingiber officinale&lt;/i&gt; Roscoe (Zingiberaceae)

The Effect of Tween-80 on the Differentiation of Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Trichophyton rubrum Strains with FT-IR Spectroscopy

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Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oil of <i>Zingiber officinale</i> Roscoe (Zingiberaceae)