Molecular evidence of &lt;i&gt;Babesia&lt;/i&gt; infections in Spinose ear tick, &lt;i&gt;Otobius&lt;/i&gt; &lt;i&gt;megnini&lt;/i&gt; infesting stabled horses in Nuwara Eliya racecourse: A case study

Diyes, G.C.P.; Rajapakse, R. P. V. J.; Rajakaruna, R. S.

doi:10.4038/cjs.v47i4.7559

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…A laboratory study carried out on O. megnini collected from the ear canal of 11 race horses in Sri Lanka investigated the presence of three infectious agents: Rickettsia, Theileria, and Babesia and reported that the ticks collected from two horses being PCR positive for Babesia infections [25]. However, there are no records whether these horses showed any clinical symptoms of babesiosis.…”

Section: Infectious Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The presence of O. megnini inside the ear canal is known as otoacariasis or parasitic otitis. It can cause toxic conditions, allergies, paralysis, muscle spasms, irritations, eardrum perforation, and myotonia, and O. megnini has been listed as a potential vector for many tick-borne infections [23][24][25]. Studies have reported deaths of domestic cattle and horses as a result of heavy infestation of O. megnini [9,[26][27][28][29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spinose Ear Tick Otobius megnini Infestations in Race Horses

Rajakaruna¹,

Diyes²

2019

Ticks and Tick-Borne Pathogens

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Spinose ear tick, Otobius megnini, has a worldwide distribution causing otoacariasis or parasitic otitis in animals and humans. It mainly infests horses and cattle. It is a nidicolous, one-host soft tick spread from the New World to the Old World and is now distributed across all the continents. Only the larvae and nymphs are parasitic, feeding inside the ear canal of the host for a long period. Adult males and females are free-living and nonfeeding, and mating occurs off the host. Being inside the ear canal of the host allows the tick to be distributed over a vast geographic region through the distribution of the host animals. The presence of infectious agents Coxiella burnetii, the agent of Q fever, spotted fever rickettsia, Ehrlichia canis, Borrelia burgdorferi, and Babesia in O. megnini has been reported, but its role as a vector has not been confirmed. Human infestations are mostly associated with horse riding and farming through close contacts with companion animals. Control measures involve use of acaricides, repellants, and biological control methods. However, controlling the tick population and its spread is extremely difficult due to its life cycle pattern, seasonal dynamics, and resistance to certain acaricides.

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Section: Infectious Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spinose Ear Tick Otobius megnini Infestations in Race Horses

Rajakaruna¹,

Diyes²

2019

Ticks and Tick-Borne Pathogens

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“…Borrelia burgdorferi (Fivaz et al, 1991) and Babesia (Diyes et al, 2018) have been detected in blood meal analysis of O. megnini.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acaricide resistance in the spinose ear tick, Otobius megnini (Acari: Argasidae) infesting racehorses in Sri Lanka

Diyes

Rajakaruna

Karunaratne

2021

J. Natn. Sci. Foundation Sri Lanka

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The spinose ear tick Otobius megnini is a causative agent of otoacariasis in horses and jockeys in the Nuwara Eliya racecourses. The present study aimed at investigating the status of acaricide resistance and underlying mechanisms in this tick species under laboratory conditions. Live ticks collected from the ear canal of horses were used to establish a laboratory colony. Larval bioassays were carried out with an organophosphate (malathion), pyrethroids (flumethrin and permethrin), and an organochlorine (DDT) using Larval Packet Tests (LPT). The LC 50 (24 h) values for malathion, flumethrin, permethrin and DDT were recorded as 0.11%, 0.0003%, 0.008% and 0.124%, respectively, and the respective values for LC 90 were 0.722%, 0.004%, 0.300% and 3.049%. Biochemical assays revealed that the mean specific activity levels of esterase, glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), and monooxygenase amounts were 0.064 ± 0.008 μmol min -1 mg -1 , 0.104 ± 0.050 μmol min -1 mg -1 , and 0.068 ± 0.020 equivalent units of cytochrome P450, respectively. The percentage remaining activity of the propoxur-inhibited Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was 33.88 ± 13.60%. Our data indicated that the O. megnini population of Nuwara Eliya, Sri Lanka was most susceptible to flumethrin and showed resistance to DDT. Development of resistance to malathion through increased activity of esterase and insensitive AChEs was evident. Since the activities of monooxygenases and GSTs were not enhanced, permethrin and DDT resistance may have developed through target site insensitivity.

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Eco‐epidemiology of Tick‐Borne Pathogens

Rajakaruna

Eremeeva

2023

One Health

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Molecular evidence of <i>Babesia</i> infections in Spinose ear tick, <i>Otobius</i> <i>megnini</i> infesting stabled horses in Nuwara Eliya racecourse: A case study

Cited by 4 publications

References 20 publications

Spinose Ear Tick Otobius megnini Infestations in Race Horses

Spinose Ear Tick Otobius megnini Infestations in Race Horses

Acaricide resistance in the spinose ear tick, Otobius megnini (Acari: Argasidae) infesting racehorses in Sri Lanka

Eco‐epidemiology of Tick‐Borne Pathogens

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