Molecular evidence that the hepatitis C virus replicates in the oral mucosa

Carrozzo, Marco; Quadri, Rafael; Latorre, Patrizia; Pentenero, Monica; Paganin, S.; Bertolusso, Giorgio; Gandolfo, S; Negro, Francesco

doi:10.1016/s0168-8278(02)00183-6

Cited by 88 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The intracellular fraction of PBMC-associated HCV RNA was calculated as the difference between items (2) and (3) from replicate samples; negativestrand HCV RNA, not being incorporated within viral particles, was quantified only in (2).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Equal Amounts of Intracellular and Virion‐Enclosed Hepatitis C Virus RNA Are Associated with Peripheral‐Blood Mononuclear Cells In Vivo

et al. 2006

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Equal Amounts of Intracellular and Virion‐Enclosed Hepatitis C Virus RNA Are Associated with Peripheral‐Blood Mononuclear Cells In Vivo

et al. 2006

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“…However, this cannot be the only route since HCV-RNA has been found in saliva from edentate patients. 13 It has been suggested that HCV-RNA isolated in saliva may also be derived from the salivary glands, 13 and the intraglandular replication of the virus has been confirmed 32,33 ; this would explain the finding that HCV is occasionally detectable in saliva but not in serum of some patients. 34,35 However, in HIV-HCV-coinfected patients, the prevalence of HCV-RNA in saliva was not related to the serum viral load.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of HCV-RNA in Saliva of HIV-HCV Coinfected Patients

Eirea

Dios

Hermida

et al. 2005

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses

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The presence of HCV-RNA in saliva of patients with chronic hepatitis C provides a biological basis for the potential transmission of this virus. HCV viremia is particularly high in HCV-HIV-coinfected patients, which could favor the presence of HCV in their saliva. This study was designed to evaluate the prevalence of HCV in saliva of HCV-HIV-coinfected patients. Stimulated whole saliva was collected from 75 HCV-HIV-coinfected patients and 75 HCV controls. The presence of HCV-RNA in saliva was tested by a highly sensitive noncommercialized nested PCR, and analyzed in relation to demographic, clinical, and analytical variables. HCVRNA was detected in the saliva of 49 (65%) HCV-HIV-coinfected patients and 39 (52%) HCV controls. The presence of HCV in saliva was not related to any of the analyzed variables in HCV-HIV-coinfected patients. In the HCV control group a statistically significant relationship was demonstrated only between the detection of HCV-RNA in saliva and the viral load in peripheral blood (p < 0.001). Our results indicate that there is a trend toward a higher HCV-RNA prevalence in the saliva of HCV-HIV-coinfected patients.

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“…In fact, HCV has a lymphotropism that is responsible for B-lymphocyte expansion and consequent production of auto-antibodies, potentially leading to a range of immunological alterations, apart from OLP, such as B-cell lymphoma, diabetes mellitus, Sjögren syndrome, autoimmune thyroiditis and thyroid cancer [75][76][77]. In addition, the oral mucosa is a site of extra-hepatic HCV replication, as suggested by the HCV-RNA sequences detected in the oral mucosa of infected subjects, which sometimes are different from the sequences detected in serum and imply an independent HCV replication and differentiation in this tissue [78][79][80][81]. The association between HCV infection and OLP could be more complex, because of external factors, such as unbalanced oxidative stress, which may support the development of both conditions.…”

Section: Meta-analysis Of Observational Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The magnitude of the association between hepatitis C virus infection and oral lichen planus: meta-analysis and case control study

et al. 2011

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Although hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is associated with oral lichen planus (OLP), a case-control study and a meta-analysis were designed to investigate the magnitude of such an association. A total of 413 presumptive OLP patients (18-75 years) who referred to a dental clinic in Rasht (Iran) were consecutively selected. OLP was diagnosed clinically (typical forms) and histologically (atypical forms) by a calibrated examiner. A total of 487 adults (20-77 years) attending the same dental clinic were the controls. The two groups were homogeneous in terms of age, gender and occupation. Subjects were tested for anti-HCV antibodies. The odds ratio (OR) for OLP attributable to HCV infection was non-significant [OR 1.2, 95% confidence interval (95CI) 0.3-4.8], suggesting that the association between HCV and OLP was weak in the Iranian context. Meta-analysis of observational studies characteristics of primary studies were that cases were diagnosed clinically (only typical forms) and histologically and exposure was assessed through anti-HCV antibodies. Exposed/unexposed cases/controls were extracted and zero values were appropriately transformed. As much as 44 studies, including the present, were located. Publication bias could not be totally excluded. The pooled OR, estimated using the random-effect model, was 2.8 (95CI 2.4-3.2). Sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of results. Subgroup analysis showed non-significant differences between American/European and Asian/African studies. The fraction of global OLP cases associated with HCV (population attributable fraction) was 2.1% (95CI 1.9-2.2%). Although HCV and OLP were significantly associated, the majority of OLP patients were not affected by HCV.

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Molecular evidence that the hepatitis C virus replicates in the oral mucosa

Cited by 88 publications

References 26 publications

Equal Amounts of Intracellular and Virion‐Enclosed Hepatitis C Virus RNA Are Associated with Peripheral‐Blood Mononuclear Cells In Vivo

Equal Amounts of Intracellular and Virion‐Enclosed Hepatitis C Virus RNA Are Associated with Peripheral‐Blood Mononuclear Cells In Vivo

Detection of HCV-RNA in Saliva of HIV-HCV Coinfected Patients

The magnitude of the association between hepatitis C virus infection and oral lichen planus: meta-analysis and case control study

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