Molecular evolution of human adenoviruses

Abstract

The recent emergence of highly virulent human adenoviruses (HAdVs) with new tissue tropisms underscores the need to determine their ontogeny. Here we report complete high quality genome sequences and analyses for all the previously unsequenced HAdV serotypes (n = 20) within HAdV species D. Analysis of nucleotide sequence variability for these in conjunction with another 40 HAdV prototypes, comprising all seven HAdV species, confirmed the uniquely hypervariable regions within species. The mutation rate among HAdV-Ds was low when compared to other HAdV species. Homologous recombination was identified in at least two of five examined hypervariable regions for every virus, suggesting the evolution of HAdV-Ds has been highly dependent on homologous recombination. Patterns of alternating GC and AT rich motifs correlated well with hypervariable region recombination sites across the HAdV-D genomes, suggesting foci of DNA instability lead to formulaic patterns of homologous recombination and confer agility to adenovirus evolution.

The nuclear export factor CRM1 controls juxta-nuclear microtubule-dependent virus transport

“…Adenovirus predominantly infects epithelial cells of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts, and conjunctiva (Robinson et al, 2013). The species C human adenoviruses (HAdV-C2 and -C5) are widespread, persist in adenoid tissue and are lifethreatening to immune-compromised individuals (Lion, 2014).…”

Detection and Molecular Typing of Human Adenoviruses Associated with Respiratory Illnesses in Kerala

“…Currently, the typing can be done through PCR amplification and sequencing of the hexon, penton, and fiber genes. The hexon gene sequence analysis has widely been used for the classification of adenovirus types; however, sequence analysis of the fiber gene has also been incorporated to determine the recombination events in the adenovirus genotype (11)(12)(13).…”

The complete genome sequence of human adenovirus 84, a highly recombinant new Human mastadenovirus D type with a unique fiber gene

“…Further evaluation of our phylogenetic and recombination analysis data (Table 1 and Figure 1) revealed that in addition to the already mentioned types, several additional types appear to have contributed to the final composition of the HAdV-84 genome, through multiple recombination events. Recombination is one of the major driving forces in HAdV evolution (Gonzalez et al, 2015;Robinson et al, 2013). The penton base's variable loop is most similar to that of HAdV-8, while the remaining penton base backbone is more similar to HAdV-43.…”