Molecular evolution of ruminant lysozymes

Dm, Irwin

doi:10.1007/978-3-0348-9225-4_18

Cited by 27 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The probe that was used to detect lysozyme M is that of lysozyme P, because the mRNA sequence of both lysozyme genes is almost identical, and both mRNA are detected with the used probe. extremely acid-stable proteins with an acidic pH optimum dependent on the site of expression (Irwin 1996;Prager 1996). A very similar process seems to have taken place in the mammalian chitinase family.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Marked Differences in Tissue-specific Expression of Chitinases in Mouse and Man

Boot

Bussink

Verhoek

et al. 2005

J Histochem Cytochem.

124

138

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S U M M A R Y Two distinct chitinases have been identified in mammals: a phagocyte-specific enzyme named chitotriosidase and an acidic mammalian chitinase (AMCase) expressed in the lungs and gastrointestinal tract. Increased expression of both chitinases has been observed in different pathological conditions: chitotriosidase in lysosomal lipid storage disorders like Gaucher disease and AMCase in asthmatic lung disease. Recently, it was reported that AMCase activity is involved in the pathogenesis of asthma in an induced mouse model. Inhibition of chitinase activity was found to alleviate the inflammation-driven pathology. We studied the tissue-specific expression of both chitinases in mice and compared it to the situation in man. In both species AMCase is expressed in alveolar macrophages and in the gastrointestinal tract. In mice, chitotriosidase is expressed only in the gastrointestinal tract, the tongue, fore-stomach, and Paneth cells in the small intestine, whereas in man the enzyme is expressed exclusively by professional phagocytes. This species difference seems to be mediated by distinct promoter usage. In conclusion, the pattern of expression of chitinases in the lung differs between mouse and man. The implications for the development of anti-asthma drugs with chitinases as targets are discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Marked Differences in Tissue-specific Expression of Chitinases in Mouse and Man

Boot

Bussink

Verhoek

et al. 2005

J Histochem Cytochem.

124

138

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show abstract

“…Bovids are believed to have first appeared in the early Miocene of Africa and Eurasia, whereas cervids are thought to have first appeared in the early Miocene of Eurasia (Scott & Janis 1987). The divergence of these two families from a common ancestor is estimated to have occurred about 25 million years ago (Irwin & Wilson 1990). The presence of a 31-bp subrepeat in both cervid and bovid centromeric satellite DNA monomers substantiates the idea that both of these families once originated from a common ancestor, thought by some to resemble the Tragulidae species (Scott & Janis 1987).…”

mentioning

confidence: 87%

Conservation of a 31-bp bovine subrepeat in centromeric satellite DNA monomers ofCervus elaphus and other cervid species

Lee

Lin

1996

Chromosome Res

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A centromeric satellite DNA clone was isolated from the genome of the European red deer (Cervus elaphus hippelaphus) and designated Ce-Pst1. This clone was localized to the centromeric region of all red deer chromosomes with the exception of a single pair of metacentric autosomes and the Y chromosome. DNA sequence analysis of the 806-bp Ce-Pst1 clone showed 73.0-78.9% sequence homology to four previously isolated cervid centromeric satellite DNA clones, suggesting that the Ce-Pst1 clone is yet another member of the major cervid centromeric satellite DNA family. Using a DNA sequence comparison system, internal 31-bp tandem subrepeats were found in the Ce-Pst1 clone as well as in the other previously reported cervid centromeric satellite DNA monomer sequences. A 31-bp consensus sequence was constructed for each cervid monomer clone and shown to be highly homologous to the 31-bp subrepeat consensus sequence found in bovine 1.715 centromeric satellite DNA. The identification of internal subrepeats in the satellite monomers studied could suggest that amplification of an ancestral 31-bp DNA sequence may have contributed to the genesis of major cervid centromeric satellite DNA. The homology between the 31-bp subrepeats found in cervid and bovid centromeric satellite DNAs substantiates the theory that amplification of this 31-bp DNA sequence may have occurred before the evolutionary separation of these two families 20-25 million years ago.

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“…Selection for individual mutation would not be very strong, and therefore random genetic drift also influences the evolution of gene families. Such a picture of evolution is not limited to proteolytic enzymes and their inhibitors; other examples include stomach lysozyme of ruminants (Irwin and Wilson 1990), hemoglobin 7 of primates (Fitch et al 1991), human red and green opsin genes (Winderickx et al 1993), immunoglobulins (Ohta 1992a), and major histocompatibility complex genes of mammals (Lawlor et al 1990;Ohta 1992b). Furthermore, the phenomenon is not limited to higher organisms.…”

Section: Selection and Gene Conversionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is because purifying selection eliminates those mutations that disturb the fixed function. On the other hand, the evolution of a gene family with diverse functions is often characterized by rapid amino acid divergence, presumably by natural selection among duplicated copies at the initial stage, to increase the functional diversity among duplicated gene copies (Li 1985;Irwin and Wilson 1990;Fitch et al 1991;. In gene families, whose members have similar functions to each other, concerted evolution occurs (Ohta 1983).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On hypervariability at the reactive center of proteolytic enzymes and their inhibitors

Ohta

1994

J Mol Evol

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The pattern of synonymous and nonsynonymous substitutions at the reactive center of proteases (kallikrein) and their inhibitors (alpha 1-antitrypsin and serpin) was examined. In the case of alpha 1-antitrypsin, the proportion of different nonsynonymous sites exceeds that of different synonymous sites at the reactive center for sequence pairs of recent duplication. The result indicates that the positive selection has operated after duplication to increase functional diversity. In the cases of kallikrein, serpin, and remote sequence pairs of alpha 1-antitrypsin, the proportion of different synonymous sites at the reactive center exceeds that of different synonymous sites at the remaining region. The result indicates that gene conversion followed by natural selection is working. On the whole, it is concluded that hypervariability of amino acids at the reactive center is generated by an interaction among natural selection, random genetic drift, point mutation, and gene conversion. Gene duplication may provide potential for them to interact.

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Molecular evolution of ruminant lysozymes

Cited by 27 publications

References 32 publications

Marked Differences in Tissue-specific Expression of Chitinases in Mouse and Man

Marked Differences in Tissue-specific Expression of Chitinases in Mouse and Man

Conservation of a 31-bp bovine subrepeat in centromeric satellite DNA monomers ofCervus elaphus and other cervid species

On hypervariability at the reactive center of proteolytic enzymes and their inhibitors

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