2023
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44644-z
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Molecular evolutionary dynamics of enterovirus A71, coxsackievirus A16 and coxsackievirus A6 causing hand, foot and mouth disease in Thailand, 2000–2022

Pirom Noisumdaeng,
Pilaipan Puthavathana

Abstract: Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a public health threat worldwide, particularly in the Asia–Pacific region. Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71), coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16), and CVA6 are the major pathogens causing HFMD outbreaks in several countries, including Thailand. We retrieved 385 VP1 nucleotide sequences, comprising 228 EV-A71, 33 CVA16, and 124 CVA6, deposited in the databases between 2000 and 2022 for molecular evolutionary characterization using Bayesian phylogeny. All EV-A71 identified belonged to genoty… Show more

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Cited by 8 publications
(2 citation statements)
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“… 41 In 2022, research on EV‐A71 in China points to a worrying pattern in the effect and worldwide spread of NPEVs infections, with EV‐A71 being a special emphasis, as well as their potential to trigger pandemics. 42 Therefore, it is assumed that the following risk factors will likely lead to the emergence of a pandemic: human activity near wildlife; production of animal source foods with minimal employee supervision and an unclear supply chain; insect vectors; extremely high population density; limited surveillance and laboratory capacity. 43 , 44 , 45 Some countries still do not diagnose some enteroviruses adequately and this may be another risk factor of global spread to cause international public health emergency.…”
Section: Prediction Of Npevs Infection To Cause Global Pandemicsmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“… 41 In 2022, research on EV‐A71 in China points to a worrying pattern in the effect and worldwide spread of NPEVs infections, with EV‐A71 being a special emphasis, as well as their potential to trigger pandemics. 42 Therefore, it is assumed that the following risk factors will likely lead to the emergence of a pandemic: human activity near wildlife; production of animal source foods with minimal employee supervision and an unclear supply chain; insect vectors; extremely high population density; limited surveillance and laboratory capacity. 43 , 44 , 45 Some countries still do not diagnose some enteroviruses adequately and this may be another risk factor of global spread to cause international public health emergency.…”
Section: Prediction Of Npevs Infection To Cause Global Pandemicsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The next global health crisis most likely stems from a zoonotic event brought on by a virus that was transmitted to humans by animals, such as bats 41 . In 2022, research on EV‐A71 in China points to a worrying pattern in the effect and worldwide spread of NPEVs infections, with EV‐A71 being a special emphasis, as well as their potential to trigger pandemics 42 . Therefore, it is assumed that the following risk factors will likely lead to the emergence of a pandemic: human activity near wildlife; production of animal source foods with minimal employee supervision and an unclear supply chain; insect vectors; extremely high population density; limited surveillance and laboratory capacity 43–45 .…”
Section: Prediction Of Npevs Infection To Cause Global Pandemicsmentioning
confidence: 99%