Molecular genetic analysis of chloroplast gene promoters dependent on SIG2, a nucleus-encoded sigma factor for the plastid-encoded RNA polymerase, in Arabidopsis thaliana

Hanaoka, Mitsumasa; Kanamaru, Kengo; Takahashi, Hideo; Tanaka, Kan

doi:10.1093/nar/gkg935

Cited by 97 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…In addition, a nuclear-encoded chloroplast RNA polymerase s-subunit was upregulated by both GLK1 and GLK2. This protein is required for the expression of chloroplast-encoded photosynthetic proteins and tRNAs, including tRNA Glu , an early intermediate in the tetrapyrrole biosynthesis pathway (Hanaoka et al, 2003). Interestingly, phytoene synthase was also significantly upregulated, which is consistent with the need for carotenoid biosynthesis during LHC assembly.…”

Section: Glk-regulated Genes Are Primarily Involved In Photosyntheticmentioning

confidence: 54%

GLK Transcription Factors Coordinate Expression of the Photosynthetic Apparatus in Arabidopsis

et al. 2009

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Chloroplasts of photosynthetic organisms harness light energy and convert it into chemical energy. In several land plants, GOLDEN2-LIKE (GLK) transcription factors are required for chloroplast development, as glk1 glk2 double mutants are pale green and deficient in the formation of the photosynthetic apparatus. We show here that glk1 glk2 double mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana accumulate abnormal levels of chlorophyll precursors and that constitutive GLK gene expression leads to increased accumulation of transcripts for antenna proteins and chlorophyll biosynthetic enzymes. To establish the primary targets of GLK gene action, an inducible expression system was used in combination with transcriptome analysis. Following induction, transcript pools were substantially enriched in genes involved in chlorophyll biosynthesis, light harvesting, and electron transport. Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments confirmed the direct association of GLK1 protein with target gene promoters, revealing a putative regulatory cis-element. We show that GLK proteins influence photosynthetic gene expression independently of the phyB signaling pathway and that the two GLK genes are differentially responsive to plastid retrograde signals. These results suggest that GLK genes help to coregulate and synchronize the expression of a suite of nuclear photosynthetic genes and thus act to optimize photosynthetic capacity in varying environmental and developmental conditions.

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Section: Glk-regulated Genes Are Primarily Involved In Photosyntheticmentioning

confidence: 54%

GLK Transcription Factors Coordinate Expression of the Photosynthetic Apparatus in Arabidopsis

et al. 2009

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“…formation of a large [polycistronic] transcript by usage of a NEP promoter in the absence of SIG6), could explain the 3.0-kb trnV (and ndhC) transcript. Furthermore, it was previously established that trnV is a PEP-dependent gene preferentially transcribed in the presence of SIG2 (Kanamaru et al, 2001;Hanaoka et al, 2003;Privat et al, 2003). The early decrease of the 0.6-kb RNA at day 4 ( Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whereas basic sigma functions have been tested to a large extent using heterologous in vitro systems with authentic plastid or bacterially expressed sigma proteins and Escherichia coli RNA polymerase (Hakimi et al, 2000;Hanaoka et al, 2003;Homann and Link, 2003), the availability of Arabidopsis sigma mutant lines has facilitated functional studies in vivo (Hanaoka et al, 2003;Privat et al, 2003;Nagashima et al, 2004;Tsunoyama et al, 2004;Favory et al, 2005;Ishizaki et al, 2005). Here, we investigate an Arabidopsis knockout line with a Sig6 mutant allele (Rosso et al, 2003) that reveals a strong developmental stagespecific (albino) phenotype and characteristic changes in plastid gene expression.…”

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confidence: 99%

Dual Temporal Role of Plastid Sigma Factor 6 in Arabidopsis Development

Loschelder¹,

Schweer²,

Link³

et al. 2006

Plant Physiology

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Plants contain nuclear-coded sigma factors for initiation of chloroplast transcription. The in vivo function of individual members of the sigma gene family has become increasingly accessible by knockout and complementation strategies. Here we have investigated plastid gene expression in an Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutant with a defective gene for sigma factor 6. RNA gel-blot hybridization and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction together indicate that this factor has a dual developmental role, with both early and persistent (long-term) activities. The early role is evident from the sharp decrease of certain plastid transcripts only in young mutant seedlings. The second (persistent) role is reflected by the up-and down-regulation of other transcripts at the time of primary leaf formation and subsequent vegetative development. We conclude that sigma 6 does not represent a general factor, but seems to have specialized roles in developmental stage-and gene-specific plastid transcription. The possibility that plastid DNA copy number might be responsible for the altered transcript patterns in mutant versus wild type was excluded by the results of DNA gel-blot hybridization. Retransformation of the knockout line with the full-length sigma 6 cDNA further established a causal relationship between the functional sigma gene and the resulting phenotype.

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“…The importance of transcriptional control in the chloroplast is underpinned by work with s (SIG) factors, which are nucleus encoded and required as chloroplast RNA polymerase transcription factors for chloroplast genes (Schweer et al, 2010;Lerbs-Mache, 2011). Accordingly, the loss of SIG2 and SIG6 delays chloroplast biogenesis (Hanaoka et al, 2003;Ishizaki et al, 2005;Loschelder et al, 2006).…”

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confidence: 99%

Intracompartmental and Intercompartmental Transcriptional Networks Coordinate the Expression of Genes for Organellar Functions

et al. 2011

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(X.W., G.H., K.F.X.M.)Genes for mitochondrial and chloroplast proteins are distributed between the nuclear and organellar genomes. Organelle biogenesis and metabolism, therefore, require appropriate coordination of gene expression in the different compartments to ensure efficient synthesis of essential multiprotein complexes of mixed genetic origin. Whereas organelle-to-nucleus signaling influences nuclear gene expression at the transcriptional level, organellar gene expression (OGE) is thought to be primarily regulated posttranscriptionally. Here, we show that intracompartmental and intercompartmental transcriptional networks coordinate the expression of genes for organellar functions. Nearly 1,300 ATH1 microarray-based transcriptional profiles of nuclear and organellar genes for mitochondrial and chloroplast proteins in the model plant Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) were analyzed. The activity of genes involved in organellar energy production (OEP) or OGE in each of the organelles and in the nucleus is highly coordinated. Intracompartmental networks that link the OEP and OGE gene sets serve to synchronize the expression of nucleus-and organelle-encoded proteins. At a higher regulatory level, coexpression of organellar and nuclear OEP/OGE genes typically modulates chloroplast functions but affects mitochondria only when chloroplast functions are perturbed. Under conditions that induce energy shortage, the intercompartmental coregulation of photosynthesis genes can even override intracompartmental networks. We conclude that dynamic intracompartmental and intercompartmental transcriptional networks for OEP and OGE genes adjust the activity of organelles in response to the cellular energy state and environmental stresses, and we identify candidate cis-elements involved in the transcriptional coregulation of nuclear genes. Regarding the transcriptional regulation of chloroplast genes, novel tentative target genes of s factors are identified.

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Molecular genetic analysis of chloroplast gene promoters dependent on SIG2, a nucleus-encoded sigma factor for the plastid-encoded RNA polymerase, in Arabidopsis thaliana

Cited by 97 publications

References 40 publications

GLK Transcription Factors Coordinate Expression of the Photosynthetic Apparatus in Arabidopsis

GLK Transcription Factors Coordinate Expression of the Photosynthetic Apparatus in Arabidopsis

Dual Temporal Role of Plastid Sigma Factor 6 in Arabidopsis Development

Intracompartmental and Intercompartmental Transcriptional Networks Coordinate the Expression of Genes for Organellar Functions

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