Molecular Genetic and Hybridization Studies of<i>Diorhabda</i>spp. Released for Biological Control of<i>Tamarix</i>

Bean, Dan W.; Kazmer, David J.; Gardner, Kevin T.; Thompson, David C.; Reynolds, Beth; Keller, Julie C.; Gaskin, John F.

doi:10.1614/ipsm-d-11-00093.1

Cited by 23 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…D. carinulata established north of 37°N in Nevada, Utah, and Wyoming (Tracy & Robbins, ). Further genetic testing supported that four of the five species of Diorhabda have indeed been released as part of the biological control programme (Bean et al, ). In Nevada, the northern tamarisk leaf beetle spread quickly from the initial release site on the Humboldt River to the Walker and Truckee River drainages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longer term effects of biological control on tamarisk evapotranspiration and carbon dioxide exchange

Snyder¹,

Scott

2019

Hydrological Processes

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Biological control of Tamarix spp. (tamarisk) with Diorhabda spp. (tamarisk beetle) was initiated in several states in the Western United States in 2001. We analysed 12 years of evapotranspiration (ET), net ecosystem production (NEP), and beetle abundance data from a tamarisk-invaded site in Western Nevada along the Truckee River. Diorhabda carinulata (northern tamarisk beetle) appeared at the site in 2007. Large beetle outbreaks and associated defoliation of the tamarisk occurred in 2008 and 2009, then the beetle population was highly variable from year to year. Since 2016, the beetle population declined. Growing season ET noticeably declined from direct beetle herbivory in 2008, 2009, and 2010, but the decline in ET was seasonally transient as trees regrew leaves. In 2012 and 2013, total growing season ET was low, likely due to the combined effects of drought and beetle herbivory pressure. Total seasonal ET losses and NEP were primarily driven by annual precipitation with higher values in wetter years and reduced values when precipitation fell below 100 mm. In the last 2 years of the study, 2017-2018, there were few to no beetles observed at the site, and we measured increased tamarisk leaf area index, ET, and NEP. Since 2010 at the study site, no further releases of the beetles have occurred due to wildlife concerns, and subsequent declines in beetle populations where such that the "outbreak" conditions apparently required to impair tamarisk physiological function and significantly reduce ET have not occurred. ET and photosynthesis were highly correlated (r 2 ≥ .91) to the Landsat-satellite normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Using a relationship between growing season ET and NDVI, we estimated ET for five additional tamarisk sites along several southwestern U.S. rivers. In the 2005 to 2018 analysis period, NDVI-estimated ET declined at all sites after beetle arrival with three sites showing a recovery in pre-beetle ET rates in subsequent years. At the other three sites, ET rates have not recovered to pre-beetle levels.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longer term effects of biological control on tamarisk evapotranspiration and carbon dioxide exchange

Snyder¹,

Scott

2019

Hydrological Processes

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“…As these two weevils are used across the globe for the biological control of water hyacinth, it is important to investigate the effect of hybridization on the performance and growth of these weevils. Interspecific hybrid crosses can result in hybrid vigor or hybrid breakdown (Arcella et al, 2014;Bean et al, 2013) as well as affect the host-specificity of a biological control agent (Bitume et al, 2017;Mathenge et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Into the weeds: Matching importation history to genetic consequences and pathways in two widely used biological control agents

Hopper

McCue

Pratt

et al. 2019

Evolutionary Applications

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The intentional introduction of exotic species through classical biological control programs provides unique opportunities to examine the consequences of population movement and ecological processes for the genetic diversity and population structure of introduced species. The weevils Neochetina bruchi and N. eichhorniae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) have been introduced globally to control the invasive floating aquatic weed, Eichhornia crassipes , with variable outcomes. Here, we use the importation history and data from polymorphic microsatellite markers to examine the effects of introduction processes on population genetic diversity and structure. We report the first confirmation of hybridization between these species, which could have important consequences for the biological control program. For both species, there were more rare alleles in weevils from the native range than in weevils from the introduced range. N. eichhorniae also had higher allelic richness in the native range than in the introduced range. Neither the number of individuals initially introduced nor the number of introduction steps appeared to consistently affect genetic diversity. We found evidence of genetic drift, inbreeding, and admixture in several populations as well as significant population structure. Analyses estimated two populations and 11 sub‐clusters for N. bruchi and four populations and 23 sub‐clusters for N. eichhorniae , indicating divergence of populations during and after introduction. Genetic differentiation and allocation of introduced populations to source populations generally supported the documented importation history and clarified pathways in cases where multiple introductions occurred. In populations with multiple introductions, genetic admixture may have buffered against the negative effects of serial bottlenecks on genetic diversity. The genetic data combined with the introduction history from this biological control study system provide insight on the accuracy of predicting introduction pathways from genetic data and the consequences of these pathways for the genetic variation and structure of introduced species.

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“…Outcomes of hybridisation are difficult to predict owing to variation in particular crosses but can influence biocontrol agent preference for targets and nontargets (Bitume et al, 2017). beetles following release for tamarisk control in North America (Bean et al, 2013). beetles following release for tamarisk control in North America (Bean et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hybridisation among biocontrol agents can affect their numbers and thus possibly efficacy; for example, reduced egg viability and increased mortality were reported in hybridised Diorhabda spp. beetles following release for tamarisk control in North America (Bean et al, 2013). On the other hand, hybrids of two scale insect Dactylopius tomentosus biotypes introduced for Cylindropuntia spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circumventing regulatory safeguards:Laricobiusspp. and biocontrol of the hemlock woolly adelgid

Leppanen

Frank

Simberloff

2018

Insect Conserv Diversity

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Biological control entails introducing non‐native natural enemies to control weeds and pests. Instances of poorly regulated biocontrol have had harmful consequences leading to significant efforts to improve risk assessment of agents before release. Laricobius naganoensis (Coleoptera: Derodontidae) was inadvertently imported to eastern North America with Laricobius osakensis, introduced from Japan to control the hemlock woolly adelgid Adelges tsugae (Hemiptera: Adelgidae). The United States Department of Agriculture (U.S.D.A.) subsequently permitted introduction of L. naganoensis as a biocontrol agent and contaminant, requiring no study or monitoring owing to difficulty of the effort required to distinguish it from L. osakensis. The Plant Protection Act of 2000 (7 U.S.C. § § 7701–7786) assigns U.S.D.A. responsibility for vetting and reducing risk from biocontrol agents while ensuring the process is transparent, accessible, and based on scientific evidence. Typically, release of a new agent involves a 30‐day period when the public may review and comment on an assessment of risk associated with the introduction, an Environmental Assessment (EA). No public review and comment period was allowed before L. naganoensis’ introduction, and the EA was not made public. Biocontrol practitioners and stakeholders agree that critical scientific evaluation of multiple lines of evidence is necessary to evaluate risk associated with new introductions. The importance of accurate agent identification and avoidance of contamination has long been recognised, and procedures to minimise risk are well known. While such processes might be difficult to implement, those challenges should not justify a release that circumvents regulatory safeguards.

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Molecular Genetic and Hybridization Studies ofDiorhabdaspp. Released for Biological Control ofTamarix

Cited by 23 publications

References 39 publications

Longer term effects of biological control on tamarisk evapotranspiration and carbon dioxide exchange

Longer term effects of biological control on tamarisk evapotranspiration and carbon dioxide exchange

Into the weeds: Matching importation history to genetic consequences and pathways in two widely used biological control agents

Circumventing regulatory safeguards:Laricobiusspp. and biocontrol of the hemlock woolly adelgid

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