Molecular Genetic Evidence of a Novel Morbillivirus in a Long-Finned Pilot Whale (<i>Globicephalus melas</i>)

Taubenberger, Jeffery K.; Tsai, Mark M.; Atkin, T. J.; Fanning, Thomas G.; Krafft, Amy E.; Moeller, Robert B.; Kodsi, Salma; Mense, Mark G.; Lipscomb, T. P.

doi:10.3201/eid0601.000107

Cited by 75 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The porpoise morbillivirus (PMV) strain was associated with several epizootics in the Atlantic Ocean in the 1980s and 1990s (Kennedy et al 1988), while dolphin morbillivirus (DMV) has caused outbreaks in the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea from the 1980s to the present day (Blixenkrone-Møller et al 1994). In contrast, pilot whale morbillivirus (PWMV) has not been associated with any major outbreaks (Taubenberger et al 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Classic pathological findings in cases of clinical CeMV include lesions in the lungs, lymph nodes, and brain. Multinucleated cells (syn -cytia) and intranuclear inclusion bodies are often noted microscopically in these organ systems (Kenne dy 1998, Taubenberger et al 2000, Di Guardo et al 2005.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Common secondary responses include pneumonia, meningoencephalitis, and hepatitis (Kennedy 1998, Reidarson et al 1998, Taubenberger et al 2000, Di Guardo et al 2005. Classic pathological findings in cases of clinical CeMV include lesions in the lungs, lymph nodes, and brain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Initial characterization of novel beaked whale morbillivirus in Hawaiian cetaceans

Jacob

West²,

Levine³

et al. 2016

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Cetacean morbillivirus (CeMV) is a causative factor in epizootics that have resulted in thousands of deaths throughout the Atlantic and Mediterranean since 1987, but less is known of its presence and significance in the Pacific. The first case of CeMV reported in Hawai'i was in a Longman's beaked whale that stranded in 2010. The initial CeMV sequence from this individual indicated the possibility of a novel strain. To address this, archived samples from cetaceans that stranded in Hawai'i between 1997 and 2014 were screened for CeMV. The beaked whale morbillivirus (BWMV) was detected in 15 individuals representing 12 different species (24% of Code 1 and 2 stranded cetaceans). The earliest detected case was a humpback whale that stranded in 1998. Sequence comparisons of a 2.2 kb sequence spanning the phosphoprotein (P) and nucleocapsid (N) genes strongly suggest that the BWMV represents a novel strain of CeMV present in Hawai'i and the Central Pacific. In contrast to recently reported isolates from Brazil and Australia that may represent a distinct clade, BWMV appears to be more closely related to known strains of CeMV (dolphin morbillivirus; porpoise morbillivirus; and pilot whale morbillivirus). Detection rates with repeat sampling of positive lymph nodes were between 2 and 61%, illustrating the extreme heterogeneity that can occur in affected tissues. Taken together, these results suggest that BWMV may be common and established in Hawaiian cetacean populations. BWMV will be important for understanding CeMV and health threats in the relatively understudied cetaceans of the Pacific.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Initial characterization of novel beaked whale morbillivirus in Hawaiian cetaceans

Jacob

West²,

Levine³

et al. 2016

Dis. Aquat. Org.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Barrett et al found that 93% of stranded long-fi nned pilot whales (G. melas) were seropositive for morbillivirus, which provides more evidence that cetacean morbilliviruses are widespread (4). Molecular evidence from a pilot whale that was stranded on the coast of New Jersey, USA, and died from encephalitis, suggested that the long-fi nned pilot whale is host for a different, novel type of cetacean morbillivirus (pilot whale morbillivirus [PWMV]), which is distinct from PMV and DMV (5). We report an epizootic of lethal morbillivirus infection in long-fi nned pilot whales that occurred in the Mediterranean Sea.…”

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confidence: 99%

Morbillivirus and Pilot Whale Deaths, Mediterranean Sea

Fernández

Esperón²,

Herráez³

et al. 2008

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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“…Of these, 2 are found in pinnipeds and sea otters: (1) canine distemper virus in seals and (2) phocine distemper virus in sea otters and seals. Those found in cetaceans such as dolphins, porpoises and whales include (3) DMV, (4) porpoise morbillivirus, (5) pilot whale morbillivirus and (6) Longman's beaked whale morbillivirus (Ken nedy 1998, Taubenberger et al 2000, DiGuardo et al 2005, Van Bressem et al 2014. Dolphins with morbillivirus infections often die either due to acute viral pneumonia, viral en cephalitis, or from fungal or bacterial infections secondary to pan-lymphoid depletion and immunosuppression (Van Bressem et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of morbillivirus exposure in cetaceans from the northern Gulf of Mexico 2010-2014

Fauquier

Litz

Sánchez³

et al. 2017

Endang. Species. Res.

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The potential role of morbillivirus was evaluated in the deaths of >1100 bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus and other small cetaceans that stranded from February 2010 through July 2014, during the northern Gulf of Mexico (GoM) unusual mortality event (UME). Morbillivirus analysis was carried out on 142 live or freshly dead cetaceans and results were combined with samples from 102 live, free-ranging bottlenose dolphins sampled during capture-release health assessments conducted from 2011 to 2014. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing for morbillivirus showed that 9.9% (14/142) of the stranded cetaceans and 1% (1/83) of the free-ranging live dolphins were positive for dolphin morbilliviral (DMV) RNA. In contrast, previous DMV dolphin die-offs had DMV detectable by PCR in 61 to 97% of animals tested. Histologic findings consistent with morbillivirus infection, including lymphoid depletion, bronchointerstitial pneumonia, syncytial cell formation, or meningoencephalitis, were found in 6.6% (9/136) of the cetaceans that underwent histologic examinations. Serological analysis using a virus neutralization assay found that 29% (5/17) of live stranded and 23% (23/102) of live free-ranging bottlenose dolphins had titers of 64 or greater for cetacean morbillivirus, indicating prior but not necessarily recent exposure to morbillivirus. Current findings suggest that DMV infection, although present in the northern GoM, was sporadic and occurred at low levels and therefore was not the primary cause of the northern GoM UME. Confirmation of DMV infections and existing DMV titers demonstrate continued exposure to morbillivirus among northern GoM cetaceans since the first detection of this virus in the early 1990s.

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Molecular Genetic Evidence of a Novel Morbillivirus in a Long-Finned Pilot Whale (Globicephalus melas)

Cited by 75 publications

References 13 publications

Initial characterization of novel beaked whale morbillivirus in Hawaiian cetaceans

Initial characterization of novel beaked whale morbillivirus in Hawaiian cetaceans

Morbillivirus and Pilot Whale Deaths, Mediterranean Sea

Evaluation of morbillivirus exposure in cetaceans from the northern Gulf of Mexico 2010-2014

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