Molecular genetic studies on abiotic stress resistance in sorghum entries through using half diallel analysis and inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers

Abstract

Background: Water deficit stress is considered as one of the most important environmental stresses which is more harmful to strategic crops, as it reduces the final crop yield by up to 40%. Therefore, the aim of this research is to evaluate some promising and superior sorghum entries for water stress tolerance and determine the most agromorphological parameters and reasons responsible for drought tolerance in this regard. Results: Fifteenth sorghum genotypes (five parents and their ten F1 crosses resulting from half diallel analysis) were used in this investigation under two levels of irrigation (normal and drought experiment). The recent genotypes were estimated through some physiological parameters related to water stress tolerance in sorghum; besides that, eight inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) primers were used to identify among the five sorghum parents and the highest five crosses resistance to water deficit conditions depending on the data calculated from all studied traits under both conditions. The following genotypes P1, P2, P3, P1 × P2, P1 × P3, P2 × P3, P2 × P4, and P3 × P4 confirmed high resistance to water deficit conditions under the drought treatment compared with the control. This high resistance was affirmed through the calculated data for all studied traits. The ISSR profile analysis showed 151 fragments as taxonomic divisions among the ten sorghum genotypes (38 of them were monomorphic and 113 polymorphic with 74.83% polymorphism). Conclusion: The entries (P1, P2, P3, P1 × P2, P1 × P3, P2 × P3, P2 × P4, and P3 × P4) were succeeded in achieving the highest concept of water deficit resistance under both conditions. Therefore, this work will be the nucleus for producing resistant sorghum varieties for drought stress in the future.

Heritability of Waterlogging Tolerance in Wheat (Triticuma aestivum L.)

“…The experiment consisted of two separate sets; control and waterlogging condition in 2012. Separate trials were conducted for control and waterlogging stress as applied by Betran et al (2003), Rainey and Griffiths (2005), El-Satar ( 2017) and Tawfik and El-Mouhamady (2019) in diallel studies for different stress conditions. The design of experiments was Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications.…”

Comprehensive Selection Criteria for High-Yielding Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Hybrids under Salinity Stress

“…In addition, SCA effects were correlated with heterosis over better-parent for screening and testing a large number of hybrids for salinity stress tolerance. This is the desired goal of this investigation (El-Mouhamady et al, 2012a, b, c;Ramadan et al, 2016;Heiba et al, 2016a;Khatab et al, 2019;Tawfik & El-Mouhamady, 2019).…”

Improvement of drought tolerance in rice using line X tester mating design and biochemical molecular markers

“…This will also help the plant breeder to better choose the parents involved in the design of the hybrid program in the following studies. This will, of course, lead to a desirable scientific complement to the genetic improvement in tolerance to salinity, toxicity of heavy elements, diseases and other environmental and biological challenges based on the desired results of tolerance and resistance for water stress in those genotypes in this context (Abo-Hamid et al 2016;Tawfik and El-Mouhamady 2019;El-Mouhamady and El-Metwally 2020). After all results of the current study, especially the results of line X tester analysis, it was noted that all the measurements taken during the genetic analysis of all tested attributes under both conditions proved that the superior genetic accessions, whether from parents or hybrids, had the lead in achieving the desired goal.…”