Molecular Identification and Analysis of Nonserotypeable Human Enteroviruses

Human enteroviruses (EV) pose a major risk to public health. This is especially so in the Asia-Pacific region where increasing numbers of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) cases and large outbreaks of severe neurological disease associated with EV-A71 have occurred. Despite their importance, key aspects of the emergence, epidemiology and evolution of EVs remain unclear, and most studies of EV evolution have focused on a limited number of genes. Here, we describe the genomic-scale evolution of EV-A viruses sampled from pediatric patients with mild disease attending a single hospital in western Sydney, Australia, over an 18-month period. This analysis revealed the presence of eight viral serotypes—Coxsackievirus (CV) A2, A4, A5, A6, A8, A10, A16 and EV-A71—with up to four different serotypes circulating in any 1 month. Despite an absence of large-scale outbreaks, high levels of geographical and temporal mixing of serotypes were identified. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that multiple strains of the same serotype were present in the community, and that this diversity was shaped by multiple introductions into the Sydney population, with only a single lineage of CV-A6 exhibiting in situ transmission over the entire study period. Genomic-scale analyses also revealed the presence of novel and historical EV recombinants. Notably, our analysis revealed no association between viral phylogeny, including serotype, and patient age, sex, nor disease severity (for uncomplicated disease). This study emphasizes the contribution of EV-A viruses other than EV-A71 to mild EV disease including HFMD in Australia and highlights the need for greater surveillance of these viruses to improve strategies for outbreak preparedness and vaccine design.

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“…2001 ; Sanders et al. 2006 ; Zhou et al. 2010 ), but which is most commonly associated with disease in Europe ( Hassel et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A complex mosaic of enteroviruses shapes community-acquired hand, foot and mouth disease transmission and evolution within a single hospital

et al. 2018

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“…In addition, 3.6% (227/6383) of EVs were non sero type able by neutralization. Three EV-C genotypes (CVA11, -20 and -21) were identified from non sero type able EV isolates by partial VP1 sequencing [13]. Therefore, a total of seven EV-C types (serotypes/genotypes) have been identified in our laboratory over 29 years.…”

Section: Enterovirusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…EV isolates that were not identifiable by standard sero neutralization procedures were labeled as 'nonserotypeable' isolates. Virus isolates were stored as unpurified cell culture supernatants at -70°C after initial isolation and sero typing [13,14]. Beyond this they were usually not further passages.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Analysis of Enterovirus C Species Using the 5’ Untranslated Region and VP1 Region

Zhou¹

2015

JHVRV

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“…Molecular diagnostic tests to detect EV RNA in clinical specimens are usually designed to target highly conserved sequences in the 5′untranslated region (5′UTR) of the EV genome [3,4]. The classical method for diagnosis of infection with EV has been virus isolation by cell culture, but limited sensitivity of viral culture has been reported [2,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of an in-house real-time RT-PCR assay with a commercial assay for detection of enterovirus RNA in clinical samples

Selva

Martínez-Planas

García-García

et al. 2011

Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis

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Molecular detection of enterovirus (EV) RNA based on PCR methods is a quicker and more sensitive approach than culture methods. At present, different PCR-based methods for EV RNA detection are available, but comparisons of results obtained according to the different approaches are limited. We evaluated an in-house real-time RT-PCR assay with a commercialized TaqMan real-time RT-PCR kit for detection of EV. Consecutive clinical specimens from paediatric patients less than 6 years old with clinical suspicion of EV infection were analyzed between July and November 2010. After RNA extraction, samples were amplified both by the real-time RT-PCR commercial assay and the in-house assay. A total of 19 of 132 patients (14.4%) involving 20 samples (14 plasma samples and 6 CSF) were positive in at least one of the two assays. The sensitivity of the in-house assay when the MutaPLATE® assay was used as a reference was 90% (IC 95%; 74.35-100) and the specificity was 100% (IC 95%; 99.63-100). Cts results of two methods were statistically correlated (r = 0.774; P = 0.01). In conclusion, these two real-time RT-PCR assays are rapid and easy methods for detection of EV.

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Molecular Identification and Analysis of Nonserotypeable Human Enteroviruses

Abstract: Conventional approaches to characterizing human enteroviruses (HEVs

Cited by 10 publications

References 50 publications

A complex mosaic of enteroviruses shapes community-acquired hand, foot and mouth disease transmission and evolution within a single hospital

A complex mosaic of enteroviruses shapes community-acquired hand, foot and mouth disease transmission and evolution within a single hospital

Molecular Analysis of Enterovirus C Species Using the 5’ Untranslated Region and VP1 Region

Comparison of an in-house real-time RT-PCR assay with a commercial assay for detection of enterovirus RNA in clinical samples

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