Molecular Identification and Characterization of the Nip1 Gene, an Avirulence Gene from the Barley Pathogen Rhynchosporium Secalis

Knogge, Wolfgang; Gierlich, Angela; Hermann, Hanno; Wernert, Petra; Rohe, Matthias

doi:10.1007/978-94-011-0177-6_31

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…These include proteins that are encoded by avirulence (avr) genes of the tomato pathogen Cladosporium fulvum (avr4 and avr9) and of the barley pathogen Rhynchosporium secalis (nip1; Van Kan et al 1991;Knogge et al 1994). The avr genes of both fungi encode preproteins that are synthesized, secreted, and processed during fungal growth in planta (Van Kan et al 1991;Wevelsiep et al 1991;Hahn et al 1993;Van den Ackerveken et al 1993;Joosten et al 1994;Knogge et al 1994;Rohe et al 1995). As with the elicitin of Phytophthora parasitica (Kamoun et al 1994), NIP1 of R. secalis also appears to function as a virulence or pathogenicity factor (Wevelsiep et al 1993).…”

Section: Oligosaccharidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the avr genes of both C. fulvum and R. secalis, point mutations leading to single amino acid exchanges, as well as complete loss of genes, occur in nature and result in virulence of the respective fungal race on the corresponding plant cultivar (Van Kan et al 1991;Van den Ackerveken et al 1992;Joosten et al 1994;Knogge et al 1994). The mutated Avr proteins were found to be inactive as elicitors on resistant cultivars.…”

Section: Oligosaccharidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Early events in the elicitation of plant defence

Ebel

Mithöfer

1998

Planta

216

127

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Plants successfully use inducible defence mechanisms to combat potential pathogens. Elicitors are signaling compounds that stimulate any of such defence responses. Recent progress in the isolation of pure elicitors has made possible investigations on elicitor-binding proteins which might function as receptors in signal transduction pathways that ultimately activate the defences. The elicitor-binding sites studied so far show a high degree of ligand specificity, as do the candidate binding proteins identified for some of the ligands. Following elicitor perception, a number of rapid reactions are detectable in plant cells, including enhanced ion fluxes across the plasma membrane, formation of reactive oxygen intermediates, changes in protein phosphorylation, and lipid oxidation. Intriguing questions arising from these observations are whether the elicitor-binding proteins constitute receptors in plant defence signaling and whether any of the rapid events participate in signal transduction during defence activation

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Section: Oligosaccharidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Oligosaccharidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early events in the elicitation of plant defence

Ebel

Mithöfer

1998

Planta

216

127

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“…Recently, the isolation of the avirulence genes A VR2-Yamo and PWL2 from the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea has been reported [38]. In addition, two putative avirulence genes, avrRrsl from Rhynchosporium secalis [ 27 ] and parA 1 from Phytophthora parasitica [22], have been cloned. The intrinsic functions of avirulence genes for the pathogen are unknown, except for the avirulence gene avrD from the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of the AVR9 elicitor from the fungal pathogen Cladosporium fulvum in transgenic tobacco and tomato plants

Honée

Melchers²,

Vleeshouwers

et al. 1995

Plant Mol Biol

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Three constructs were used to study the expression of the avirulence gene Avr9 from the fungal tomato pathogen Cladosporium fulvum in plants. They include pAVIR1, pAVIR2 and pAVIR21, encoding the wild-type AVR9 protein and two hybrid AVR9 proteins containing the signal sequences of the pathogenesis-related proteins PR-S and PR-1a, respectively. Transgenic tobacco plants obtained with the three constructs showed a normal phenotype and produced AVR9 elicitor with the same specific necrosis-inducing activity as the wild-type AVR9 elicitor produced in planta by isolates of C. fulvum containing the Avr9 gene. Level of expression was not correlated with number of T-DNA integrations, but plants homozygous for the Avr9 gene produced more elicitor protein than heterozygous plants. The amino acid sequence of the processed AVR9 peptide present in apoplastic fluid (AF) of pAVIR1 transformed plants producing the wild-type AVR9 elicitor was identical to that of the wild-type AVR9 peptide isolated from C. fulvum-infected tomato leaves. Transgenic Cf0 genotypes of tomato, obtained by transformation with construct pAVIR21, showed a normal phenotype. However, transgenic F1 plants expressing the Avr9 gene, obtained from crossing transgenic Cf0 genotypes with wild-type Cf9 genotypes, showed delayed growth, necrosis and complete plant death indicating that the AVR9 peptide produced in plants carrying the Cf9 gene is deleterious. The necrotic defence response observed in Cf9 genotypes expressing the Avr9 gene support the potential to apply avirulence genes in molecular resistance breeding.

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“…Races of Cladosporium fulvum virulent on tomato Cf4 genotypes carry various non-functional alleles, while races virulent on Cf9 genotypes carry no homologue of the Avr9 gene (Van den Ackerveken et al, 1992;Honée et al, 1994). Point mutations and complete gene loss are also involved in the acquisition of virulence in Rhynchosporium secalis (Knogge et al, 1994) and Magnaporthe grisea (Valent & Chumley, 1994).…”

Section: The Breakdown Of Specific Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

The mutable and treacherous tribe revisited

Caten

1996

Plant Pathology

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Molecular Identification and Characterization of the Nip1 Gene, an Avirulence Gene from the Barley Pathogen Rhynchosporium Secalis

Cited by 12 publications

References 16 publications

Early events in the elicitation of plant defence

Early events in the elicitation of plant defence

Production of the AVR9 elicitor from the fungal pathogen Cladosporium fulvum in transgenic tobacco and tomato plants

The mutable and treacherous tribe revisited

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