Molecular identification and characterization of the tomato flagellin receptor LeFLS2, an orthologue of Arabidopsis FLS2 exhibiting characteristically different perception specificities

Robatzek, Silke; Bittel, Pascal; Chinchilla, Delphine; Köchner, Petra; Felix, Georg; Shiu, Shin-Han; Boller, Thomas

doi:10.1007/s11103-007-9173-8

Cited by 192 publications

(147 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Significantly higher ethylene levels were induced by flg22 in tissues expressing eJMC than in those expressing EFR (negative control), whereas only a weak response to this elicitor was shown in tissues expressing TMC. This last result is in agreement with the observation that the Arabidopsis FLS2 did not produce ethylene in Nicotiana benthamiana (34).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…In both types of explants, ethylene slightly increased in response to flg22 but not to elf18 (Fig. S3), indicating that tobacco, albeit weakly, responds to flg22 but, as expected, not to elf18, in agreement with previous results (34). On the other hand, elf18 induced a production of ethylene that was 3.8 times higher in EFR-expressing explants (EFR explants) than in FLS2 explants ( Fig.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Specifically, we analyzed the amenability of the Arabidopsis EFR, a LRR receptor kinase for recognition of the microbeassociated molecular pattern (MAMP) EF-Tu and its derived peptide elf18 (32) as a recipient protein structure. EFR was chosen because it is functional when expressed in Nicotiana species (33), unlike the Arabidopsis FLS2, receptor for flagellin and its derived peptide flg22 (34). Next, we obtained chimeras between EFR and Arabidopsis WAK1 and demonstrated that WAK1 is capable to sense OGs in vivo and trigger a defense response that mirrors that normally activated by OGs.…”

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confidence: 99%

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A domain swap approach reveals a role of the plant wall-associated kinase 1 (WAK1) as a receptor of oligogalacturonides

Brutus

Sicilia

Macone

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

645

540

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Oligogalacturonides (OGs) released from the plant cell wall are active both as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) for the activation of the plant immune response and regulators of plant growth and development. Members of the Wall-Associated Kinase (WAK) family are candidate receptors of OGs, due to their ability to bind in vitro these oligosaccharides. Because lethality and redundancy have hampered the study of WAKs by reverse genetics, we have adopted a chimeric receptor approach to elucidate the role of Arabidopsis WAK1. In a test-of-concept study, we first defined the appropriate chimera design and demonstrated that the Arabidopsis pattern recognition receptor (PRR) EFR is amenable to the construction of functional and resistanceconferring chimeric receptors carrying the ectodomain of another Arabidopsis PRR, FLS2. After, we analyzed chimeras derived from EFR and WAK1. Our results show that, upon stimulation with OGs, the WAK1 ectodomain is capable of activating the EFR kinase domain. On the other hand, upon stimulation with the cognate ligand elf18, the EFR ectodomain activates the WAK1 kinase, triggering defense responses that mirror those normally activated by OGs and are effective against fungal and bacterial pathogens. Finally, we show that transgenic plants overexpressing WAK1 are more resistant to Botrytis cinerea.damage-associated molecular patterns | elongation factor tu receptor | pectin-mediated signaling | plant immunity | chimeric receptors

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

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confidence: 99%

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A domain swap approach reveals a role of the plant wall-associated kinase 1 (WAK1) as a receptor of oligogalacturonides

Brutus

Sicilia

Macone

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

645

540

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“…In Arabidopsis, MAMPs, such as flagellin, induced SA biosynthesis and triggered SA-regulated responses (33). Tomato can recognize flagellin and its conserved domain (flg15) through FLS2 (Flagellin Sensing 2), a flagellin receptor (34). Flagellin from Pseudomonas sp.…”

Section: Tomato (Simentioning

confidence: 99%

Herbivore exploits orally secreted bacteria to suppress plant defenses

Chung¹,

Rosa²,

Scully

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

384

381

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Significance The role of herbivore-associated microbes in modifying plant defenses has received scant attention. The Colorado potato beetle secretes symbiotic bacteria to wounds to manipulate plant defenses. The bacteria elicit salicylic acid (SA)-regulated defenses, and because SA signaling often negatively cross-talks with jasmonate signaling, plants are unable to fully activate their jasmonate-mediated resistance against the herbivore. From the plants’ perspective, they recognize herbivores not as such, but as microbial threats. We identified the specific bacteria from the beetle secretions and also characterized one of the bacterial effectors responsible for defense suppression. This clever, deceptive strategy for suppressing defenses has not been previously documented. Our results add a significant, unique concept to plant–insect interactions and how herbivores hijack plant defense signaling.

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“…Many of the B. oleracea, B. rapa, and diverse Brassicaceae accessions that were tested also respond to flg22 and have a functional FLS2 LRR domain. The presence of an FLS2 ortholog in tomato Robatzek et al, 2007) and the presence of FLS2 homologs in the genomes of poplar and rice imply that flagellin perception is adaptive in these species. The presence of variable (defenseeliciting or noneliciting) flagellins in plant-associated bacteria, including variation among different strains of the Brassicaceae pathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv campestris, further suggests that there is selective pressure for bacteria to evade flagellin detection Pfund et al, 2004;Sun et al, 2006).…”

Section: Variation In Mamp Perception and Other Lrr-based Perceptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and Mutational Analysis of Arabidopsis FLS2 Leucine-Rich Repeat Domain Residues That Contribute to Flagellin Perception

et al. 2007

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Mutational, phylogenetic, and structural modeling approaches were combined to develop a general method to study leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domains and were used to identify residues within the Arabidopsis thaliana FLAGELLIN-SENSING2 (FLS2) LRR that contribute to flagellin perception. FLS2 is a transmembrane receptor kinase that binds bacterial flagellin or a flagellin-based flg22 peptide through a presumed physical interaction within the FLS2 extracellular domain. Double-Ala scanning mutagenesis of solvent-exposed b-strand/b-turn residues across the FLS2 LRR domain identified LRRs 9 to 15 as contributors to flagellin responsiveness. FLS2 LRR-encoding domains from 15 Arabidopsis ecotypes and 20 diverse Brassicaceae accessions were isolated and sequenced. FLS2 is highly conserved across most Arabidopsis ecotypes, whereas more diversified functional FLS2 homologs were found in many but not all Brassicaceae accessions. flg22 responsiveness was correlated with conserved LRR regions using Conserved Functional Group software to analyze structural models of the LRR for diverse FLS2 proteins. This identified conserved spatial clusters of residues across the b-strand/b-turn residues of LRRs 12 to 14, the same area identified by the Ala scan, as well as other conserved sites. Sitedirected randomizing mutagenesis of solvent-exposed b-strand/b-turn residues across LRRs 9 to 15 identified mutations that disrupt flg22 binding and showed that flagellin perception is dependent on a limited number of tightly constrained residues of LRRs 9 to 15 that make quantitative contributions to the overall phenotypic response.

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Molecular identification and characterization of the tomato flagellin receptor LeFLS2, an orthologue of Arabidopsis FLS2 exhibiting characteristically different perception specificities

Cited by 192 publications

References 45 publications

A domain swap approach reveals a role of the plant wall-associated kinase 1 (WAK1) as a receptor of oligogalacturonides

A domain swap approach reveals a role of the plant wall-associated kinase 1 (WAK1) as a receptor of oligogalacturonides

Herbivore exploits orally secreted bacteria to suppress plant defenses

Identification and Mutational Analysis of Arabidopsis FLS2 Leucine-Rich Repeat Domain Residues That Contribute to Flagellin Perception

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