Molecular Identification and Genetic Analysis of Norovirus Genogroups I and II in Water Environments: Comparative Analysis of Different Reverse Transcription-PCR Assays

Rosa, Giuseppina La; Fontana, Stefano; Grazia, Antonio Di; Iaconelli, Marcello; Pourshaban, M.; Muscillo, Michele

doi:10.1128/aem.00222-07

Cited by 63 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…This differs dramatically from the results of other similar studies conducted in Japan, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands in which GII.4 was the most frequently detected genotype in sewage7212223. The relative lower constituent ratio of GII.4 and predominance of GII.3 observed in this study suggests a different GII genotype spectrum in local populations in 2013.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Environmental Surveillance of Genogroup I and II Noroviruses in Shandong Province, China in 2013

Tao

Lin

et al. 2015

Sci Rep

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Noroviruses are the most common cause of epidemic gastroenteritis. However, the case-based surveillance is limited in China. In this study, we analyzed the results of environmental surveillance conducted in two cities of Shandong Province, China from January to December in 2013. Twenty-four sewage samples were collected and concentrated via membrane absorption/elution method. After reverse transcription-PCR, cloning and sequencing on ORF2 region, norovirus nucleic acid was detected in all 24 sewage samples. A total of 403 norovirus sequences of 16 genotypes were detected, among which GII.3 (22.6%), GI.2 (17.1%), GI.5 (13.4%), GI.3 (11.9%), GII.4 (7.7%), and GII.6 (6.7%) were the 6 most common genotypes. Phylogenetic analysis revealed multiple lineages within most common genotypes, especially in GI.3, whereas all GII.4 sequences belonged to Sydney 2012 strain. Recombination events were observed in 5 GI and 4 GII sequences within or near the ORF1/ORF2 overlap. This is the first report on systematic environmental surveillance on norovirus in China. The data presented here reveal co-circulation and high genetic diversity of multiple norovirus genotypes in the two cities, and suggest continued environmental surveillance can provide valuable information on norovirus circulation in the population.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Environmental Surveillance of Genogroup I and II Noroviruses in Shandong Province, China in 2013

Tao

Lin

et al. 2015

Sci Rep

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“…Within 24 h of collection, 40 ml of wastewater samples was processed for virus detection with a modified version of previous protocols (da Silva et al 2007;La Rosa et al 2007). Influent and effluent samples were inoculated with 10 5 RT-PCR units of a nonvirulent strain of mengovirus (MC0) as an internal process control (kindly provided by Albert Bosch, department of Microbiology, University of Barcelona, Spain) (da Silva et al 2007).…”

Section: Processing Of Wastewater and Fecal Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 1-Year Quantitative Survey of Noro-, Adeno-, Human Boca-, and Hepatitis E Viruses in Raw and Secondarily Treated Sewage from Two Plants in Norway

2015

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A study of enteric viruses in raw and treated sewage from two secondary treatment plants, which received sewage from Oslo city (plant A) and small municipalities in Hedmark county in Norway (plant B), showed high levels of noro-, adeno-, and bocavirus throughout the year. A seasonal variation was observed for adeno- and GII norovirus with higher levels during winter and bocavirus that had more positive samples during winter. The virus concentrations in raw sewage were comparable in the two plants, with medians (log10 genome copies per liter) of 6.1, 6.3, 6.0, and 4.5 for noro GI, noro GII, adeno-, and bocavirus, respectively. The level of hepatitis E virus was not determined as it was below the limit of quantification. The mean log10 virus reduction was 0.55 (plant A) and 1.44 (plant B) with the highest reduction found in the plant with longer hydraulic retention time. The adenoviruses were dominantly serotype 41, while serotype 12 appeared sporadically. Of the 102 raw and treated sewage samples that were tested, eight were positive for hepatitis E virus of which four were from treated sewage. Two of the four obtained gene sequences from hepatitis E virus originated from the rural sewage samples and showed high similarity with a genotype 3 strain of hepatitis E virus detected in local piglets. Two other hepatitis E virus sequences obtained from urban sewage samples showed high similarities with genotype 3 strains isolated from urban sewage in Spain and a human genotype 1 isolate from India. The study gives information on the levels of noroviruses in raw and treated sewage, which is valuable to risk assessment, information indicating that some infections with hepatitis E viruses in Norway have a regional origin and that human bocavirus 2 and 3 are prevalent in the Norwegian population.

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“…They are currently classified into 5 genogroups (GI to GV) [5], and only NV GI, GII, and GIV have been associated with human gastroenteritis [6]. NV is spread through a number of pathways with the occurrence of both fecal-oral and vomit-oral transmission.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological and molecular analysis of human norovirus infections in Taiwan during 2011 and 2012

Tang

Chen

et al. 2013

BMC Infect Dis

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BackgroundThe human norovirus (NV) circulates worldwide and is a major cause of epidemics, which have increased in Taiwan since 2002. NV in acute gastroenteritis (AGE) and non-acute gastroenteritis (asymptomatic) patients, including children and adults, have not been previously examined in Taiwan; therefore, we examined the epidemiology and phylogeny of NV in AGE and asymptomatic patients of all ages.Methods253 stool samples were collected from August 2011 to July 2012 (including 155 AGE and 98 asymptomatic samples in Taiwan) and analyzed using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for NV. Primers targeting the RNA-polymerase gene were used for RT-PCR to allow DNA sequencing of Taiwan NV strains and phylogenetic analyses.ResultsNV was detected in 24 (9.5%) of 253 stool specimens using RT-PCR. NV was isolated from all age groups (1 to 86 y) and those NV-positive samples were major identified from inpatients (79.2%, 19/24). Statistical analysis showed that the NV infectious rate of AGE patients was statistically significant (P < 0.05) for age, season and water type, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses of the RdRp region sequence showed that 24 NV isolates belonged to Genogroup II Genotype 4 (GII.4). They were closely related to the epidemic strain in Taiwan in 2006, the GII.4-2006b pandemic strain in 2006, and the GII.4-New Orleans strain in 2010.ConclusionThis study is the first to examine NV in sporadic AGE and asymptomatic patients in Taiwan. Furthermore, epidemic strains of isolated GII.4 were predominant in Taiwan during 2011 and 2012.

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Molecular Identification and Genetic Analysis of Norovirus Genogroups I and II in Water Environments: Comparative Analysis of Different Reverse Transcription-PCR Assays

Cited by 63 publications

References 62 publications

Environmental Surveillance of Genogroup I and II Noroviruses in Shandong Province, China in 2013

Environmental Surveillance of Genogroup I and II Noroviruses in Shandong Province, China in 2013

A 1-Year Quantitative Survey of Noro-, Adeno-, Human Boca-, and Hepatitis E Viruses in Raw and Secondarily Treated Sewage from Two Plants in Norway

Epidemiological and molecular analysis of human norovirus infections in Taiwan during 2011 and 2012

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