Molecular identification and genotyping of Microsporidia in selected hosts

Valenčáková, Alexandra; Bálent, P.; Ravaszová, P.; Horák, Aleš; Oborník, Miroslav; Halánová, Monika; Malčeková, B.; Novotný, František; Goldová, M.

doi:10.1007/s00436-011-2543-9

Cited by 23 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…For E. cuniculi genotyping, 60×10 7 E. cuniculi spores were centrifuged for 20 min at 2500 rpm, resuspended in 200 µl PBS and 20 µl of Proteinase K, DNA was isolated with the DNeasy Blood & Tissue DNA purification kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) according to manufactures instructions. The rRNA gene region of large (LSU rRNA) and small ribosomal subunit (SSU rRNA) and ITS region were amplified as described in [65] . The E. cuniculi stain used in this study had the genotype I.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of the Microsporidian Encephalitozoon cuniculi as a New Target of the IFNγ-Inducible IRG Resistance System

et al. 2014

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The IRG system of IFNγ-inducible GTPases constitutes a powerful resistance mechanism in mice against Toxoplasma gondii and two Chlamydia strains but not against many other bacteria and protozoa. Why only T. gondii and Chlamydia? We hypothesized that unusual features of the entry mechanisms and intracellular replicative niches of these two organisms, neither of which resembles a phagosome, might hint at a common principle. We examined another unicellular parasitic organism of mammals, member of an early-diverging group of Fungi, that bypasses the phagocytic mechanism when it enters the host cell: the microsporidian Encephalitozoon cuniculi. Consistent with the known susceptibility of IFNγ-deficient mice to E. cuniculi infection, we found that IFNγ treatment suppresses meront development and spore formation in mouse fibroblasts in vitro, and that this effect is mediated by IRG proteins. The process resembles that previously described in T. gondii and Chlamydia resistance. Effector (GKS subfamily) IRG proteins accumulate at the parasitophorous vacuole of E. cuniculi and the meronts are eliminated. The suppression of E. cuniculi growth by IFNγ is completely reversed in cells lacking regulatory (GMS subfamily) IRG proteins, cells that effectively lack all IRG function. In addition IFNγ-induced cells infected with E. cuniculi die by necrosis as previously shown for IFNγ-induced cells resisting T. gondii infection. Thus the IRG resistance system provides cell-autonomous immunity to specific parasites from three kingdoms of life: protozoa, bacteria and fungi. The phylogenetic divergence of the three organisms whose vacuoles are now known to be involved in IRG-mediated immunity and the non-phagosomal character of the vacuoles themselves strongly suggests that the IRG system is triggered not by the presence of specific parasite components but rather by absence of specific host components on the vacuolar membrane.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of the Microsporidian Encephalitozoon cuniculi as a New Target of the IFNγ-Inducible IRG Resistance System

et al. 2014

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“…Considering the type of sample, the shedding of microsporidia spores in urine appears to be more common than in feces, as reported in the studies carried out by Valencakova et al [ 28 ] and Kimura et al [ 76 ]. The brain and kidney are the most frequently parasitized organ by E. cuniculi [ 66 , 67 ], followed by lung, heart, liver, and intestine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Genotypes I, II, and III have been found in several bird species, rodents, carnivores, artiodactyls, non-human primates, and humans worldwide [ 24 , 25 ], while genotype IV has been detected in cats, dogs, marmots, and immunosuppressed humans [ 26 ]. In rabbits specifically, genotype I is the most frequent genotype [ 27 ] found, while genotype II has been reported in domestic rabbits from Slovakia [ 28 ] and China [ 17 ], and genotype III only in domestic rabbits from Slovakia [ 28 ]. For E. bieneusi , more than 470 genotypes based on ITS sequence analysis have been identified in humans and animals worldwide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Detection of Microsporidia in Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain

Baz-González

Martín-Carrillo

García-Livia

et al. 2022

Biology

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Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Encephalitozoon spp. are microsporidia with zoonotic potential that have been identified in humans, as well as in a large group of wild and domestic animals. Several wildlife species have been studied as reservoirs of zoonotic microsporidia in mainland Spain, including the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Due to a lack of data on microsporidia infection in wildlife on the Canary Islands, the aim of this work was to analyze the prevalence and identify the species of microsporidia in rabbits in Tenerife. Between 2015 and 2017, a total of 50 fecal samples were collected from rabbits in eight municipalities of Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain. Seven of the fifty samples (14%) were amplified using nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the partial sequence of the 16S rRNA gene, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, and the partial sequence of the 5.8S rRNA gene. Sanger sequencing reveals the presence of Encephalitozoon cuniculi genotype I in two samples (4%), and undescribed microsporidia species in five samples (10%). This study constitutes the first molecular detection and genotyping of E. cuniculi in rabbits in Spain.

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“…Previous findings indicate the presence of E. cuniculi in different species of birds, but not in waterfowl (Reetz 1994;Kasickova et al 2007Kasickova et al , 2009Malcekova et al 2011). E. cuniculi represents the most frequently occurring microsporidian species in Slovakia, to be detected in several species of animals as well as in humans (Halanova et al 1999;Malcekova et al 2010Malcekova et al , 2011Valencakova et al 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First detection and genotyping of human-associated microsporidia in wild waterfowl of Slovakia

Malčeková

Valenčáková

Molnár

et al. 2013

Acta Parasitologica

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A total of 47 avian faecal samples of wild waterfowl (great cormorant -Phalacrocorax carbo, great crested grebe -Podiceps cristatus, white stork -Ciconia ciconia) trapped in the eastern Slovakia were screened for the presence of human pathogenic microsporidia by microscopy and real-time SYBR Green PCR method using species primers and sequenced. Microscopic analysis showed presence in 32 samples (29 cormorants, 3 dippers). Microsporidial DNA (Encephalitozoon cuniculi genotype I) was identified in 19 faeces samples (40.4%) namely cormorants in 17 out of 40, one dipper of 5 and a stork out of 2. The present work describes three new host species of the bird population in microsporidium Encephalitozoon cuniculi genotype I which confirms the theory of low specificity of this species. .

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Molecular identification and genotyping of Microsporidia in selected hosts

Cited by 23 publications

References 21 publications

Identification of the Microsporidian Encephalitozoon cuniculi as a New Target of the IFNγ-Inducible IRG Resistance System

Identification of the Microsporidian Encephalitozoon cuniculi as a New Target of the IFNγ-Inducible IRG Resistance System

Molecular Detection of Microsporidia in Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain

First detection and genotyping of human-associated microsporidia in wild waterfowl of Slovakia

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