Molecular identification of a bronopol tolerant strain of Saprolegnia australis causing egg and fry mortality in farmed brown trout, Salmo trutta

Rezinciuc, Svetlana; Sandoval-Sierra, José Vladimir; Diéguez-Uribeondo, Javier

doi:10.1016/j.funbio.2013.11.011

Cited by 31 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…[14]; however, there are growing concerns regarding its use within the industry, due to its acute toxicity to several fish species and its potentially harmful effects to human health [15]. Furthermore, it has been reported that prolonged use of this product has caused Saprolegnia to develop multiresistance mechanisms to the action of this compound [16]. Tests of the antioomycete activities of natural compound 1 and oxyalkylchalcones 2 – 11 were performed, and the results compared to commercial antifungal “Bronopol″; the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) (Table 1) and the minimum oomycidal concentrations (MOC) (Table 2) for 1 – 11 were determined.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Evaluation of Novel Oxyalkylated Derivatives of 2′,4′-Dihydroxychalcone as Anti-Oomycete Agents against Bronopol Resistant Strains of Saprolegnia sp.

Flores

Montenegro

Villena

et al. 2016

IJMS

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A series of novel oxyalkylchalcones substituted with alkyl groups were designed and synthesized, and the antioomycete activity of the series was evaluated in vitro against Saprolegnia strains. All tested O-alkylchalcones were synthesized by means of nucleophilic substitution from the natural compound 2′,4′-dihydroxychalcone (1) and the respective alkyl bromide. The natural chalcone (1) and 10 synthetic oxyalkylchalcones (2–11) were tested against Saprolegnia parasitica and Saprolegnia australis. Among synthetic analogs, 2-hydroxy,4-farnesyloxychalcone (11) showed the most potent activity against Saprolegnia sp., with MIC and MOC values of 125 µg/mL (similar to bronopol at 150 µg/mL) and 175 µg/mL, respectively; however, 2′,4′-dihydroxychalcone (1) was the strongest and most active molecule, with MIC and MOC values of 6.25 µg/mL and 12.5 µg/mL.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Evaluation of Novel Oxyalkylated Derivatives of 2′,4′-Dihydroxychalcone as Anti-Oomycete Agents against Bronopol Resistant Strains of Saprolegnia sp.

Flores

Montenegro

Villena

et al. 2016

IJMS

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“…Although the present study only yielded S. parasitica and S. diclina from the infected Atlantic salmon eggs from the commercial hatchery, other researchers have shown that other species may also be involved in infecting fish eggs. Rezinciuc and coworkers (Rezinciuc, Sandoval‐Sierra & Dieguez‐Uribeondo ) investigated the aetiology of chronic egg mortality events occurring in farmed brown trout, Salmo trutta, and identified the causative agent as Saprolegnia australis . Yet another study (Cao et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Saprolegnia diclina IIIA and S. parasitica employ different infection strategies when colonizing eggs of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L.

Songe

Willems

Wiik‐Nielsen

et al. 2015

Journal of Fish Diseases

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Here, we address the morphological changes of eyed eggs of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. infected with Saprolegnia from a commercial hatchery and after experimental infection. Eyed eggs infected with Saprolegnia spp. from 10 Atlantic salmon females were obtained. Egg pathology was investigated by light and scanning electron microscopy. Eggs from six of ten females were infected with S. parasitica, and two females had infections with S. diclina clade IIIA; two Saprolegnia isolates remained unidentified. Light microscopy showed S. diclina infection resulted in the chorion in some areas being completely destroyed, whereas eggs infected with S. parasitica had an apparently intact chorion with hyphae growing within or beneath the chorion. The same contrasting pathology was found in experimentally infected eggs. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that S. parasitica grew on the egg surface and hyphae were found penetrating the chorion of the egg, and re‐emerging on the surface away from the infection site. The two Saprolegnia species employ different infection strategies when colonizing salmon eggs. Saprolegnia diclina infection results in chorion destruction, while S. parasitica penetrates intact chorion. We discuss the possibility these infection mechanisms representing a necrotrophic (S. diclina) vs. a facultative biotrophic strategy (S. parasitica).

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“…Malachite green was a potent treatment for the infection among farmed fish until its worldwide ban in 2002 (Srivastava, Sinha, & Roy, ). Formalin is now the principal therapeutant, but it also poses health risks and its efficacy is limited (Rezinciuc, Sandoval‐Sierra, & Diéguez‐Uribeondo, ). Consequently, the economic importance of saprolegniosis has increased, as has the need for effective prevention and control measures (van West & Beakes, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Saprolegnia molecular phylogeny among farmed teleosts in Nova Scotia, Canada

Sarowar

Cusack

Duston

2019

Journal of Fish Diseases

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To identify the pathogens causing saprolegniosis among farmed fish in Nova Scotia, 172 infected tissues and 23 water samples were collected from six species of teleosts: Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), brown trout (Salmo trutta), Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus), brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), striped bass (Morone saxatilis) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) at nine facilities over a 600 km range. Following laboratory culture, 132 isolates were recovered. Six species of oomycetes were identified from analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence of the nrDNA: Saprolegnia parasitica, Saprolegnia ferax, Saprolegnia diclina, Saprolegnia aenigmatica, Saprolegnia torulosa, Saprolegnia sp. and Pythiopsis cymosa. Further phylogenetic analyses of the ITS and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (Cox1) regions revealed four strains of Saprolegnia parasitica (named here as S1, S2, S3 and S4), of which S1 and S2 were common (37% and 42% of the isolates), and two strains of S. ferax. Among S. parasitica, S2 and S3 are more closely related to each other than to S1 based on the phylogenetic analyses and predicted RNA secondary structure of the ITS region. Sexual structures with a similar morphology were formed by S1 and S3 in vitro, but were not formed by S2.

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Molecular identification of a bronopol tolerant strain of Saprolegnia australis causing egg and fry mortality in farmed brown trout, Salmo trutta

Cited by 31 publications

References 43 publications

Synthesis and Evaluation of Novel Oxyalkylated Derivatives of 2′,4′-Dihydroxychalcone as Anti-Oomycete Agents against Bronopol Resistant Strains of Saprolegnia sp.

Synthesis and Evaluation of Novel Oxyalkylated Derivatives of 2′,4′-Dihydroxychalcone as Anti-Oomycete Agents against Bronopol Resistant Strains of Saprolegnia sp.

Saprolegnia diclina IIIA and S. parasitica employ different infection strategies when colonizing eggs of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L.

Saprolegnia molecular phylogeny among farmed teleosts in Nova Scotia, Canada

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