Molecular identification of the powdery mildew fungus infecting rubber trees in China

Wu, Han; Pan, Yingwen; Di, Rong; He, Qiang; Rajaofera, Mamy Jayne Nelly; Liu, Wenbo; Zheng, Fangliang; Miao, Weiguo

doi:10.1111/efp.12519

Cited by 26 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The optimal germination temperature was estimated to be 23.2°C, which is very close to the previous report of the optimal temperature for rubber mildew conidial germination being 25°C (Liu et al, 2014). The present study also shows why rubber powdery mildew occurs annually in China (Wu et al, 2019 found to affect the rate of rubber tree leaf development (Zhai et al, 2019). This was also observed in our study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

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Effects of temperature and leaf age on conidial germination and disease development of powdery mildew on rubber tree

Cao

Che

et al. 2020

Plant Pathology

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Powdery mildew is an important disease of rubber trees worldwide. To assess the effects of temperature and leaf age on conidial germination and disease development, conidia were inoculated onto rubber tree seedlings with leaves at three phenological stages (copper bronze, colour‐changing, and light green) and then incubated at six constant temperatures (10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35°C). Leaf age did not affect conidial germination (p = .296) whilst temperature did (p < .0001), although conidia were able to germinate at all tested temperatures. The estimated optimal temperature for conidial germination was 23.2°C. Leaf age, temperature, and their interactions had significant effects on conidial infection and hypha number (p < .0001). At 10 and 35°C, more than 2 and 4 days were needed for infection to complete, respectively, compared to <2, 1, 0.5, and 0.5 days for 15, 20, 25, and 35°C, respectively. Sporulation and mildew symptoms were only observed on those inoculated leaves of all stages at 20 and 25°C, and at the copper bronze stage only at 15°C. The latent period on the copper bronze leaves at 15°C was longer (9 days) than at 20 and 25°C (4 days). The latent period at 20 and 25°C increased from 4 to 7 days as the leaf development stage increased from copper bronze to light green. Therefore, temperature affected germination and postgermination growth of rubber tree powdery mildew, whereas leaf age primarily affected postgermination growth of the pathogen.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…. In China, the disease was first recorded in 1951, and it now occurs annually in all rubber plantations (Wu et al, 2019).…”

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confidence: 99%

Effects of temperature and leaf age on conidial germination and disease development of powdery mildew on rubber tree

Cao

Che

et al. 2020

Plant Pathology

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“…Out of the 24 specimens included in the genome-scale analyses, only 10 had their nrDNA loci sequenced by Sanger sequencing, and only one of them, originally recognized as Oidium heveae HO-73, had all the three loci sequenced prior to this study ( Table 4 ). (HO-73 should be identified as an isolate of E. quercicola based on Wu et al, 2019 ; see below.) Subsequently, we attempted to extract the missing nrDNA loci from the published genome assemblies for inclusion in the nrDNA phylogenetic analysis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond Nuclear Ribosomal DNA Sequences: Evolution, Taxonomy, and Closest Known Saprobic Relatives of Powdery Mildew Fungi (Erysiphaceae) Inferred From Their First Comprehensive Genome-Scale Phylogenetic Analyses

et al. 2022

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Powdery mildew fungi (Erysiphaceae), common obligate biotrophic pathogens of many plants, including important agricultural and horticultural crops, represent a monophyletic lineage within the Ascomycota. Within the Erysiphaceae, molecular phylogenetic relationships and DNA-based species and genera delimitations were up to now mostly based on nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) phylogenies. This is the first comprehensive genome-scale phylogenetic analysis of this group using 751 single-copy orthologous sequences extracted from 24 selected powdery mildew genomes and 14 additional genomes from Helotiales, the fungal order that includes the Erysiphaceae. Representative genomes of all powdery mildew species with publicly available whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data that were of sufficient quality were included in the analyses. The 24 powdery mildew genomes included in the analysis represented 17 species belonging to eight out of 19 genera recognized within the Erysiphaceae. The epiphytic genera, all but one represented by multiple genomes, belonged each to distinct, well-supported lineages. Three hemiendophytic genera, each represented by a single genome, together formed the hemiendophytic lineage. Out of the 14 other taxa from the Helotiales, Arachnopeziza araneosa, a saprobic species, was the only taxon that grouped together with the 24 genome-sequenced powdery mildew fungi in a monophyletic clade. The close phylogenetic relationship between the Erysiphaceae and Arachnopeziza was revealed earlier by a phylogenomic study of the Leotiomycetes. Further analyses of powdery mildew and Arachnopeziza genomes may discover signatures of the evolutionary processes that have led to obligate biotrophy from a saprobic way of life. A separate phylogeny was produced using the 18S, 5.8S, and 28S nrDNA sequences of the same set of powdery mildew specimens and compared to the genome-scale phylogeny. The nrDNA phylogeny was largely congruent to the phylogeny produced using 751 orthologs. This part of the study has revealed multiple contamination and other quality issues in some powdery mildew genomes. We recommend that the presence of 28S, internal transcribed spacer (ITS), and 18S nrDNA sequences in powdery mildew WGS datasets that are identical to those determined by Sanger sequencing should be used to assess the quality of assemblies, in addition to the commonly used Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs (BUSCO) values.

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“…As a result of climatic factors, rubber trees may suffer from a variety of pests and diseases, most typically powdery mildew and anthracnose, during the tender leaf stage. Rubber tree anthracnose is caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Colletotrichum acutatum infections, whereas rubber tree powdery mildew is caused by Oidiumheveae [36,37]. The lesion features of the two diseases are highly similar, making them difficult to distinguish, which has a certain impact on the classification results of the network model.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant Disease Recognition Model Based on Improved YOLOv5

Wu²,

et al. 2022

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To accurately recognize plant diseases under complex natural conditions, an improved plant disease-recognition model based on the original YOLOv5 network model was established. First, a new InvolutionBottleneck module was used to reduce the numbers of parameters and calculations, and to capture long-distance information in the space. Second, an SE module was added to improve the sensitivity of the model to channel features. Finally, the loss function ‘Generalized Intersection over Union’ was changed to ‘Efficient Intersection over Union’ to address the former’s degeneration into ‘Intersection over Union’. These proposed methods were used to improve the target recognition effect of the network model. In the experimental phase, to verify the effectiveness of the model, sample images were randomly selected from the constructed rubber tree disease database to form training and test sets. The test results showed that the mean average precision of the improved YOLOv5 network reached 70%, which is 5.4% higher than that of the original YOLOv5 network. The precision values of this model for powdery mildew and anthracnose detection were 86.5% and 86.8%, respectively. The overall detection performance of the improved YOLOv5 network was significantly better compared with those of the original YOLOv5 and the YOLOX_nano network models. The improved model accurately identified plant diseases under natural conditions, and it provides a technical reference for the prevention and control of plant diseases.

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Molecular identification of the powdery mildew fungus infecting rubber trees in China

Cited by 26 publications

References 30 publications

Effects of temperature and leaf age on conidial germination and disease development of powdery mildew on rubber tree

Effects of temperature and leaf age on conidial germination and disease development of powdery mildew on rubber tree

Beyond Nuclear Ribosomal DNA Sequences: Evolution, Taxonomy, and Closest Known Saprobic Relatives of Powdery Mildew Fungi (Erysiphaceae) Inferred From Their First Comprehensive Genome-Scale Phylogenetic Analyses

Plant Disease Recognition Model Based on Improved YOLOv5

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