Molecular imaging of drug‐eluting coronary stents: method development, optimization and selected applications

Abstract

A molecular imaging application was developed to characterize the drug distribution on CYPHER® and NEVO™ Drug-eluting Stents using MALDI Qq-ToF analytical methodology. The coating matrix, laser energy, laser frequency, spatial resolution (related to rastering speed) and mass spectrometer parameters were optimized to analyze drug distribution in both durable and biodegradable polymer matrices. The developed method was extended to generate data from stents explanted from porcine coronary arteries. Due to the method's intrinsic specificity, it offers a significant advantage over other techniques in that it allows low-level detection of the target molecule without biological interferences from the blood or tissue. The method is also capable of detecting drug-related degradation products both from the finished stent product and from explanted stents.

MALDI FTICR IMS of Intact Proteins: Using Mass Accuracy to Link Protein Images with Proteomics Data

“…Originally described by Caprioli et al [1], the technology has been applied to the analysis of a variety of analyte classes including pharmaceuticals [2, 3], metabolites [4], lipids [5], peptides [6, 7] and proteins [8, 9]. Briefly, MALDI IMS experiments are performed by cutting fresh frozen or fixed tissue into thin sections and flat mounting them onto a target.…”

MALDI-TOF MS as a Novel Tool for the Estimation of Postmortem Interval in Liver Tissue Samples

“…The use of MALDI IMS offers the ability to investigate pathophysiological changes taking place directly in a tissue while retaining the histopathological context, allowing the simultaneous mapping of hundreds of peptides and proteins present in tissue sections, with a lateral resolution of approximately 50–75 microns 18 . MALDI IMS is evolving into a powerful tool for biomedical research 19 , and this technology has been applied to a variety of analyte classes, including pharmaceuticals 20, 21 , metabolites 22 , lipids 23 , peptides 24, 25 , and proteins 26, 27 .…”

Analysis of Tissue Specimens by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Imaging Mass Spectrometry in Biological and Clinical Research

“…220 MALDI IMS has also been applied to the study of implanted medical devices to study the controlled release of drugs by these products. 221–222 In one example, drug-eluting coronary stents (CYPHER® and NEVO®) were characterized. 222 Restenosis, the narrowing of the artery after the placement of a stent, is the a major problem that can arise following a stenting procedure.…”

“…221–222 In one example, drug-eluting coronary stents (CYPHER® and NEVO®) were characterized. 222 Restenosis, the narrowing of the artery after the placement of a stent, is the a major problem that can arise following a stenting procedure. Drugs that inhibit restenosis are incorporated into the structure of the stent, embedded in a controlled release polymer coating on the stent surface.…”