Molecular Imaging Studies of Alcohol Use Disorder

Bach, Patrick; Timary, Philippe de; Gründer, Gerhard; Cumming, Paul

doi:10.1007/7854_2022_414

Cited by 2 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 152 publications

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“…104 Understanding why some lonely individuals become addicted following exposure to addictive drugs and/or behaviors while others do not remains a major challenge in devising science-driven interventions in addiction medicine and mental health. 90 Imaging studies generally align with preclinical discoveries, suggesting that brain circuits modulated by dopamine and implicated in reward, memory, executive function, and motivation may explain certain aspects of the individual differences observed in the shared tendencies for addiction and loneliness. [105][106][107] Genetic polymorphism in the dopamine and opioid systems seems to be an important intermediator.…”

Section: Neurogenetics Of Lonelinessmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…39 The anti-reward component is manifested by outpouring of stress-related hormones 38 within the extended amygdala structures involved in stress, anxiety, and fear 87 and through the habenula, which further inhibits dopamine activity thus aggravating reward deficiency. [88][89][90][91] From a neuroanatomical perspective, the progression from occasional recreational substance use to https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S423802…”

Section: Neuropharmacological Underpinnings Of Rewardmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[105][106][107] Genetic polymorphism in the dopamine and opioid systems seems to be an important intermediator. 108 Furthermore, in both drug addiction and obesity, the enhanced salience of the respective reinforcer (drugs or food) is modulated by genetic factors 90,109 or personality features, 110 underscoring the importance of multidimensional approaches in understanding and treating addictive disorders in the context of loneliness. 111,112 GWAS studies and candidate gene analysis have supported loneliness' heritable nature, pointing to genes associated with dopamine, serotonin, and oxytocin systems.…”

Section: Neurogenetics Of Lonelinessmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neurogenetics and Epigenetics of Loneliness

Bowirrat,

Elman,

Dennen

et al. 2023

PRBM

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Loneliness, an established risk factor for both, mental and physical morbidity, is a mounting public health concern. However, the neurobiological mechanisms underlying loneliness-related morbidity are not yet well defined. Here we examined the role of genes and associated DNA risk polymorphic variants that are implicated in loneliness via genetic and epigenetic mechanisms and may thus point to specific therapeutic targets. Searches were conducted on PubMed, Medline, and EMBASE databases using specific Medical Subject Headings terms such as loneliness and genes, neuro- and epigenetics, addiction, affective disorders, alcohol, anti-reward, anxiety, depression, dopamine, cancer, cardiovascular, cognitive, hypodopaminergia, medical, motivation, (neuro)psychopathology, social isolation, and reward deficiency. The narrative literature review yielded recursive collections of scientific and clinical evidence, which were subsequently condensed and summarized in the following key areas: (1) Genetic Antecedents: Exploration of multiple genes mediating reward, stress, immunity and other important vital functions; (2) Genes and Mental Health: Examination of genes linked to personality traits and mental illnesses providing insights into the intricate network of interaction converging on the experience of loneliness; (3) Epigenetic Effects: Inquiry into instances of loneliness and social isolation that are driven by epigenetic methylations associated with negative childhood experiences; and (4) Neural Correlates: Analysis of loneliness-related affective states and cognitions with a focus on hypodopaminergic reward deficiency arising in the context of early life stress, eg, maternal separation, underscoring the importance of parental support early in life. Identification of the individual contributions by various (epi)genetic factors presents opportunities for the creation of innovative preventive, diagnostic, and therapeutic approaches for individuals who cope with persistent feelings of loneliness. The clinical facets and therapeutic prospects associated with the current understanding of loneliness, are discussed emphasizing the relevance of genes and DNA risk polymorphic variants in the context of loneliness-related morbidity.

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Section: Neurogenetics Of Lonelinessmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Neuropharmacological Underpinnings Of Rewardmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Neurogenetics Of Lonelinessmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neurogenetics and Epigenetics of Loneliness

Bowirrat,

Elman,

Dennen

et al. 2023

PRBM

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“…Charting the landscape of molecular imaging in AUD is complicated by the substantial heterogeneity of drinking patterns, gender differences, and variable contributions of genetics and preexisting vulnerability characteristics. 54 …”

Section: Recent Developments With Established Neuroimaging Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation 2023:14 104 complicated by the substantial heterogeneity of drinking patterns, gender differences, and variable contributions of genetics and preexisting vulnerability characteristics. 54 A 2022 study investigating brain glucose metabolism patterns associated with morphine consumption in rats found significant brain metabolic differences between Lewis and Fisher rat strains in the cortex, hypothalamus, brainstem, and cerebellum. Different brain metabolic patterns observed via PET imaging after morphine self-administration suggests differences in potential predisposition to morphine misuse between individuals.…”

Section: Dovepressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Updated Perspectives on the Neurobiology of Substance Use Disorders Using Neuroimaging

Murnane,

Edinoff,

Cornett

et al. 2023

SAR

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Substance use problems impair social functioning, academic achievement, and employability. Psychological, biological, social, and environmental factors can contribute to substance use disorders. In recent years, neuroimaging breakthroughs have helped elucidate the mechanisms of substance misuse and its effects on the brain. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) are all examples. Neuroimaging studies suggest substance misuse affects executive function, reward, memory, and stress systems. Recent neuroimaging research attempts have provided clinicians with improved tools to diagnose patients who misuse substances, comprehend the complicated neuroanatomy and neurobiology involved, and devise individually tailored and monitorable treatment regimens for individuals with substance use disorders. This review describes the most recent developments in drug misuse neuroimaging, including the neurobiology of substance use disorders, neuroimaging, and substance use disorders, established neuroimaging techniques, recent developments with established neuroimaging techniques and substance use disorders, and emerging clinical neuroimaging technology.

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Molecular Imaging Studies of Alcohol Use Disorder

Cited by 2 publications

References 152 publications

Neurogenetics and Epigenetics of Loneliness

Neurogenetics and Epigenetics of Loneliness

Updated Perspectives on the Neurobiology of Substance Use Disorders Using Neuroimaging

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