Molecular immune response of the American lobster (Homarus americanus) to the White Spot Syndrome Virus

Clark, Kevin; Greenwood, Spencer J.; Acorn, Adam R.; Byrne, Philip

doi:10.1016/j.jip.2013.09.003

Cited by 37 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…In addition, proteins corresponding to cathepsin L2 and L3 were also detected. Previous RT-qPCR studies have identified cathepsins C1, C2 and C3 expression in the hepatopancreas of starved lobsters (Clark et al 2013), however in this proteomic study only cathepsin C2 was detected in the gastric juice. Gene expression studies of the aspartic acid peptidases have been performed previously by our group.…”

Section: Proteomic Analysis Of Gastric Juicecontrasting

confidence: 63%

Complementary Proteomic and Biochemical Analysis of Peptidases in Lobster Gastric Juice Uncovers the Functional Role of Individual Enzymes in Food Digestion

et al. 2015

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Crustaceans are a diverse group, distributed in widely variable environmental conditions for which they show an equally extensive range of biochemical adaptations. Some digestive enzymes have been studied by purification/characterization approaches. However, global analysis is crucial to understand how digestive enzymes interplay. Here we present the first proteomic analysis of the digestive fluid from a crustacean (Homarus americanus) and identify glycosidases and peptidases as the most abundant classes of hydrolytic enzymes. The digestion pathway of complex carbohydrates was predicted by comparing the lobster enzymes to similar enzymes from other crustaceans.A novel and unbiased substrate profiling approach was used to uncover the global proteolytic specificity of gastric juice and determine the contribution of cysteine and aspartic acid peptidases. These enzymes were separated by gel electrophoresis and their individual substrate specificities uncovered from the resulting gel bands. This new technique is called zymoMSP. Each cysteine peptidase cleaves a set of unique peptide bonds and the S2 pocket determines their substrate specificity. Finally, affinity chromatography was used to enrich for a digestive cathepsin D1 to compare its substrate specificity and cold-adapted enzymatic properties to mammalian enzymes. We conclude that the H.americanus digestive peptidases may have useful therapeutic applications, due to their cold-adaptation properties and ability to hydrolyze collagen.

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Section: Proteomic Analysis Of Gastric Juicecontrasting

confidence: 63%

Complementary Proteomic and Biochemical Analysis of Peptidases in Lobster Gastric Juice Uncovers the Functional Role of Individual Enzymes in Food Digestion

et al. 2015

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“…These same genes were differentially expressed in greater numbers in the high temperature/high p CO 2 treatment, indicating an overall higher energy input to immune function when both stressors are present. Differential expression of transcripts coding for antilipopolysaccharide factors (ALFs) and their isoforms can indicate individual pathogens through differential expressions (Beale et al., 2008; Clark, Acorn, et al., 2013; Clark, Greenwood,s et al., 2013), but none of these factors were identified as differentially regulated among any of our treatments, indicating that transcripts were nonspecific to known lobster pathogens, and therefore likely a response to treatment conditions. The effect of elevated temperature and p CO 2 on nonspecific immune response could have implications on the H. americanus antigen defense systems in future oceanic conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

American lobster postlarvae alter gene regulation in response to ocean warming and acidification

Niemisto

Fields

Clark

et al. 2020

Ecology and Evolution

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“…For example, interference RNA likely protects some crustaceans from the broad host generalist, WSSV, but few other viral pathogens have been as well studied. Although we know the thermal range of WSSV in shrimps, it is unclear how temperature increases will affect other infected hosts (e.g., lobsters; Clark et al, 2013). Similarly, investigations into bacterial and fungal pathogens in crayfishes and other crustacean hosts have elucidated the phenoloxidase pathway in great detail, but there is more to be done with respect to defensins and other small anti-bacterial peptides and how these are affected by temperature.…”

Section: Genetic Underpinnings In Host-pathogen Responses To Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Climate change enhances disease processes in crustaceans: case studies in lobsters, crabs, and shrimps

Shields

2019

Journal of Crustacean Biology

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Climate change has resulted in increasing temperature and acidification in marine systems. Rising temperature and acidification act as stressors that negatively affect host barriers to infection, thus enhancing disease processes and influencing the emergence of pathogens in ecologically and commercially important species. Given that crustaceans are ectotherms, changes in temperature dominate their physiological and immunological responses to microbial pathogens and parasites. Because of this, the thermal ranges of several crustacean hosts and their pathogens can be used to project the outcomes of infections. Host factors such as molting, maturation, respiration, and immune function are strongly influenced by temperature, which in turn alter the host’s susceptibility to pathogens, further amplifying morbidity and mortality. Microbial pathogens are also strongly influenced by temperature, arguably more so than their crustacean hosts. Microbial pathogens, with higher thermal optima than their hosts, grow rapidly and overcome host immune defenses, which have been weakened by increased temperatures. Pathogen factors such as metabolic rates, growth rates, virulence factors, and developmental rates are often enhanced by rising temperature, which translates into increased transmission, dispersal, and proliferation at the population level, and ultimately emergence of outbreaks in host populations. Less well known are the effects of acidification and salinity intrusion on host-pathogen processes, but they operate alongside temperature, as multiple stressors, that impose significant metabolic and physiological demands on host homeostasis.

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Molecular immune response of the American lobster (Homarus americanus) to the White Spot Syndrome Virus

Cited by 37 publications

References 48 publications

Complementary Proteomic and Biochemical Analysis of Peptidases in Lobster Gastric Juice Uncovers the Functional Role of Individual Enzymes in Food Digestion

Complementary Proteomic and Biochemical Analysis of Peptidases in Lobster Gastric Juice Uncovers the Functional Role of Individual Enzymes in Food Digestion

American lobster postlarvae alter gene regulation in response to ocean warming and acidification

Climate change enhances disease processes in crustaceans: case studies in lobsters, crabs, and shrimps

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