Molecular Imprint of Enzyme Active Site by Camel Nanobodies

Li, Jiangwei; Li, Xia; Su, Youhong; Liu, Hongchun; Xia, Xueqing; Lu, Qinxia; Yang, Chunjin; Reheman, Kalbinur

doi:10.1074/jbc.m111.336370

Cited by 23 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Many reports about the unique property of camel antibody binding to the incompatible antigen, which differs from the conventional antibody, were published. A special class of antibodies in members of the Camelidae family that consist of only heavy chains was discovered (reviewed by Li et al 2012). Daley et al (2010) reported distinctions in the regulation and function between camelid heavy-chain isotypes on testing vaccinated alpacas for West Nile virus antibodies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peste des petits ruminants infection in domestic ruminants in Sudan

Intisar

Ali

Haj

et al. 2017

Trop Anim Health Prod

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The existence of peste des petits ruminants (PPR) in domestic ruminants and camels in Sudan during 2008-2012 was investigated. Lung tissues and serum samples were randomly collected from sheep, goats, cattle, and camels at different areas of Sudan. A total of 12,384 serum samples were collected from clinically healthy 7413 sheep, 1988 camels, 1501 cattle, 1459 goats, and 23 gazelles at different areas in the Sudan. They were examined for PPR antibodies using competitive ELISA (cELISA). The overall detected seroprevalence of PPR in tested sera was 49.4%; seroprevalence values within species were 67.1, 48.2, 25.8, 2.1, and 21.7% in sheep, goat, cattle, camels, and gazelles, respectively. The highest seroprevalence (68.1%) was observed in sera collected from Darfur states, then the central states (54.3%). A total of 1276 lung tissue samples (623 sheep, 324 cattle, 220 camels, and 109 goats) were collected. The majority of lung samples were collected from clinically healthy animals that showed lesions on PM in slaughterhouses (95%) and during PPR outbreaks; samples were tested for PPR antigen using immunocapture ELISA (IcELISA). PPR antigen was detected in 233 out of the 1276 tested samples (18.3%). Positive results were observed in samples collected from clinically healthy and diseased animals. The observed prevalence values in each species were 33.6, 21.1, 15.4, and 12.3% in camel, goat, sheep, and cattle, respectively. PPR antigen was detected in samples from different areas; however, the highest prevalence (63.9%) was found in samples collected from the eastern states, then Khartoum state (28%). Trials for virus isolation were done in different cell cultures. Out of 30 IcELISA-positive samples inoculated in primary bovine and ovine kidney cells, Vero cells, the PPR virus was successfully isolated from 15 (eight sheep, five camels, and two goats) samples in the three cell culture types. Using RT-PCR, PPRV nucleic acid was detected in all 25 IcELISA-positive tested samples.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peste des petits ruminants infection in domestic ruminants in Sudan

Intisar

Ali

Haj

et al. 2017

Trop Anim Health Prod

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“…For example, abzyme A17, having a deep antigen‐binding pocket, was found to be an interesting antidote for the detoxification of organophosphorus warfare agents . Abzymes can also be used as enzyme substitutes in antibody‐directed enzyme prodrug therapy against cancer . Antibody‐directed enzyme prodrug therapy involves the use of antibody–enzyme conjugates to leverage the target binding and catalytic functions of both constituents.…”

Section: Enzyme Mimics and Their Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[217] Abzymes can also be used as enzymes ubstitutes in antibody-directed enzyme prodrug therapy against cancer. [218,219] Antibody-directed enzymep rodrug therapy involves the use of antibodyenzyme conjugatest ol everage the targetb inding and catalytic functions of both constituents. However,t he use of enzymes of nonhuman origin raises the risk of immunogenicity,t hus limiting the dosage and administration frequency of the therapeutic agents.…”

Section: Glutathione Peroxidasementioning

confidence: 99%

Enzyme Mimics: Advances and Applications

Kuah

Toh

Yee

et al. 2016

Chemistry A European J

284

151

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Enzyme mimics or artificial enzymes are a class of catalysts that have been actively pursued for decades and have heralded much interest as potentially viable alternatives to natural enzymes. Aside from having catalytic activities similar to their natural counterparts, enzyme mimics have the desired advantages of tunable structures and catalytic efficiencies, excellent tolerance to experimental conditions, lower cost, and purely synthetic routes to their preparation. Although still in the midst of development, impressive advances have already been made. Enzyme mimics have shown immense potential in the catalysis of a wide range of chemical and biological reactions, the development of chemical and biological sensing and anti-biofouling systems, and the production of pharmaceuticals and clean fuels. This Review concerns the development of various types of enzyme mimics, namely polymeric and dendrimeric, supramolecular, nanoparticulate and proteinic enzyme mimics, with an emphasis on their synthesis, catalytic properties and technical applications. It provides an introduction to enzyme mimics and a comprehensive summary of the advances and current standings of their applications, and seeks to inspire researchers to perfect the design and synthesis of enzyme mimics and to tailor their functionality for a much wider range of applications.

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“…Camelid immunization has been exploited to generate domains that bind preferentially within enzyme active sites (De Genst et al, 2006; Li et al, 2012), a specificity rarely found among conventional Ig. This has enabled development of potent therapeutic enzyme inhibitors that neutralize bacterial toxins and snake venoms (Wesolowski et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uncommon structural motifs dominate the antigen binding site in human autoantibodies reactive with basement membrane collagen

Foster

Buckley

Chen

et al. 2016

Molecular Immunology

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Autoantibodies mediate organ destruction in multiple autoimmune diseases, yet their origins in patients remain poorly understood. To probe the genetic origins and structure of disease-associated autoantibodies, we engrafted immunodeficient mice with human CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells and immunized with the non-collagenous-1 (NC1) domain of the alpha3 chain of type IV collagen. This antigen is expressed in lungs and kidneys and is targeted by autoantibodies in anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) nephritis and Goodpasture syndrome (GPS), prototypic human organ-specific autoimmune diseases. Using Epstein Barr virus transformation and cell fusion, six human anti-alpha3(IV)NC1 collagen monoclonal autoantibodies (mAb) were recovered, including subsets reactive with human kidney and with epitopes recognized by patients’ IgG. Sequence analysis reveals a long to exceptionally long heavy chain complementarity determining region3 (HCDR3), the major site of antigen binding, in all six mAb. Mean HCDR3 length is 25.5 amino acids (range 20–36), generated from inherently long DH and JH genes and extended regions of non-templated N-nucleotides. Long HCDR3 are suited to forming noncontiguous antigen contacts and to binding recessed, immunologically silent epitopes hidden from conventional antibodies, as seen with self-antigen crossreactive broadly neutralizing anti-HIV Ig (bnAb). The anti-alpha3(IV)NC1 collagen mAb also show preferential use of unmutated variable region genes that are enriched among human chronic lymphocytic leukemia antibodies that share features with natural polyreactive Ig. Our findings suggest unexpected relationships between pathogenic anti-collagen Ig, bnAb, and autoreactive Ig associated with malignancy, all of which arise from B cells expressing unconventional structural elements that may require transient escape from tolerance for successful expansion.

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Molecular Imprint of Enzyme Active Site by Camel Nanobodies

Cited by 23 publications

References 41 publications

Peste des petits ruminants infection in domestic ruminants in Sudan

Peste des petits ruminants infection in domestic ruminants in Sudan

Enzyme Mimics: Advances and Applications

Uncommon structural motifs dominate the antigen binding site in human autoantibodies reactive with basement membrane collagen

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