Molecular imprinting in monolayer surfaces

Abstract

A comprehensive report on molecularly imprinted monolayers (MIMs) is presented, but does not include bulk-polymer thin film coatings on surfaces, inorganic surface imprinting, polymer grafting and layer-by-layer methods. Due to difficulties in imprinting large molecules and obtaining fast binding responses with traditional network polymer materials, MIMs have been developed with the aim of enhancing mass-transfer of analytes in imprinted materials. Three approaches to MIM fabrication have been developed with respect to the formation of the pre-organized template-matrix complex. In the first approach, the molecular binding sites are formed in a monolayer on a glass or gold surface. The second approach uses a template-macromolecule complex to form binding sites in the solution phase that are immobilized onto a surface; and the third approach transfers an imprinted Langmuir film onto a gold surface. Mass transfer in these MIMs in most cases is on the order of minutes, and both small and large molecules (proteins) have been imprinted.

Molecular Imprints Frozen by Strong Intermolecular Interactions in Place of Cross‐Linking

“…Such defects are similar to grain boundaries of polycrystalline materials, they allow for molecular imprints but would not be suitable for keeping the shape of large templates such a nanoparticles or proteins [64, 65] . A method that may be considered as being similar is building a self‐assembled monolayer (SAM) of fatty thiol molecules on a gold surface where the imprints are the “shadows” of the template molecules interacting with the gold surface, which leave holes inside the layer [66–68] . The present process relies on a quite different phenomenon where imprints are defects in the structure where target molecules interact with the polymer material.…”

“…[64,65] A methodt hat may be considered as being similari sb uilding a self-assembled monolayer (SAM)o ff attyt hiol molecules on a gold surface where the imprints are the" shadows" of the template moleculesi nteractingw ith the gold surface, which leave holes insidet he layer. [66][67][68] The present process relies on a quite different phenomenon where imprints are defects in the structurew here target molecules interact with the polymer material. Figure10i sasketch showing ap erspective of the MIP structure made of short PANI strandsa tc lose contact because of their strong lateralinteractions.…”

Bioinspired intelligent molecularly imprinted polymers for chemosensing: A mini review

“…Towards that, templates were imprinted in films of conducting polymers [14] and self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) [15]. [16][17][18][19][20].…”

Preparation of thermal-responsive magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers for selective removal of antibiotics from aqueous solution

“…Molecular imprinting is a powerful synthetic method for creation of specific binding sites in molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) [16][17][18]. Development of certain special functional monomers has brought in unprecedented stimuli-responsive MIPs, such as thermo-responsive MIPs [19,20], photo-responsive MIPs [21] and pH responsive MIPs [22].…”