Molecular insights into the formation and remobilization potential of nonextractable anthropogenic organohalogens in heterogeneous environmental matrices

Zhu, Xiaojing; Dsikowitzky, Larissa; Ricking, Mathias; Schwarzbauer, Jan

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.120959

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Some HOC, detected exclusively as EF in this study, might also exist as NER. In certain cases, harsher chemical treatments, namely, BBr 3 treatment and RuO 4 oxidation as detailed in our previous works, might reveal these compounds. ,,,, However, the hydrolyzable NER-HOC has a higher potential for remobilization compared to other NER-HOC fractions. , This study aims to offer insights into assessing HOC risk focusing on these hydrolyzable NER fraction. Given that alkaline hydrolysis is considerably easier to perform compared with the other two chemical degradation steps, we aim to encourage broader application of this approach in field sample monitoring.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Detailed information about the sampling locations and sample properties is available in Table S1. These data were then combined with results from our previous studies conducted with the same methodologies, focusing on Bitterfeld-Wolfen industrialized urban soils which were formerly point source contaminated, and Tibetan Plateau permafrost soils, as documented in our earlier publications. ,, …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chemical treatment of the solvent-extracted soil/sediment can cleave the covalent linkages between NER-HOC and the solid matrix as well as within the natural organic matter macromolecules, releasing NER bound both chemically and physically. This validated method − enables feasible NER-HOC analysis in field samples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Our prior research on permafrost soils on the remote Tibetan Plateau revealed a more extensive inventory of HOC and higher levels of these chemicals as NER than as EF . Conversely, our previous work conducted with industrialized urban soils from Bitterfeld-Wolfen displayed a completely opposite pattern. ,, This contrast prompts a compelling question: Is there a discernible distribution pattern of HOC in soils affected by varying degrees of anthropogenic impacts?…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…27 Conversely, our previous work conducted with industrialized urban soils from Bitterfeld-Wolfen displayed a completely opposite pattern. 25,27,28 This contrast prompts a compelling question: Is there a discernible distribution pattern of HOC in soils affected by varying degrees of anthropogenic impacts?…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nonextractable Residues, an Analytical Iceberg, Contribute Significantly to the Pool of Halogenated Organic Chemicals in Soils across Various Regions

Yang,

Liu,

Guo

et al. 2024

Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett.

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The nonextractable residues (NER) of halogenated organic chemicals (HOC), a crucial yet underexplored component in field soil/sediment monitoring, have traditionally been overshadowed by analyses focusing solely on the solvent extractable fraction (EF). This has led to NER-HOC becoming an invisible “analytical iceberg”, with their compositions, levels, and potential risks obscure. Building on our prior research, which revealed distinct distributions of EF-HOC and NER-HOC in industrialized urban and remote permafrost soils, we expanded our study to include suburban soils from both a megacity and a smaller city. Employing solvent extraction and alkaline hydrolysis, we were able to analyze both EF-HOC and NER-HOC. Our findings showed an increased NER-HOC to EF-HOC ratio and a higher prevalence of metabolite HOC compared to parent HOC in areas with reduced anthropogenic impacts. Notably, except for the soils from a point source site, all other locations exhibited NER to EF ratios exceeding 1, indicating a dominance of NER in these HOC pools. This highlights the potential importance for incorporating NER-HOC analysis in soil/sediment monitoring, especially in nonpoint source and remote locations. Our findings contribute to the understanding of the HOC distribution from diverse sources in varying environmental settings and suggest broader NER-HOC analyses in environmental assessments.

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