It is well-known that the thermodynamic, kinetic and
structural
properties of fluids, and in particular of water and its solutions,
can be drastically affected in nanospaces. A possible consequence
of nanoscale confinement of a solution is the partial segregation
of its components. Thereby, confinement in nanoporous materials (NPM)
has been proposed as a means for the separation of mixtures. In fact,
separation science can take great advantage of NPM due to the tunability
of their properties as a function of nanostructure, morphology, pore
size, and surface chemistry. Alcohol–water mixtures are in
this context among the most relevant systems. However, a quantitative
thermodynamic description allowing for the prediction of the segregation
capabilities as a function of the material-solution characteristics
is missing. In the present study we attempt to fill this vacancy,
by contributing a thermodynamic treatment for the calculation of the
partition coefficient in confinement. Combining the multilayer adsorption
model for binary mixtures with the Young equation, we conclude that
the liquid–vapor surface tension and the contact angle of the
pure substances can be used to predict the separation ability of a
particular material for a given mixture to a semiquantitative extent.
Moreover, we develop a Kelvin-type equation that relates the partition
coefficient to the radius of the pore, the contact angle, and the
liquid–vapor surface tensions of the constituents. To assess
the validity of our thermodynamic formulation, coarse grained molecular
dynamics simulations were performed on models of alcohol–water
mixtures confined in cylindrical pores. To this end, a coarse-grained
amphiphilic molecule was parametrized to be used in conjunction with
the mW potential for water. This amphiphilic model reproduces some
of the properties of methanol such as enthalpy of vaporization and
liquid–vapor surface tension, and the minimum of the excess
enthalpy for the aqueous solution. The partition coefficient turns
out to be highly dependent on the molar fraction, on the interaction
between the components and the confining matrix, and on the radius
of the pore. A remarkable agreement between the theory and the simulations
is found for pores of radius larger than 15 Å.