Molecular insights into the origins of the Shompen, a declining population of the Nicobar archipelago

Trivedi, R.; Sitalaximi, T.; Banerjee, Jheelam; Singh, Anamika; Sircar, P. K.; Kashyap, Vivek

doi:10.1007/s10038-005-0349-2

Cited by 18 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The phylogenetic relationships between the main known East Eurasian haplogroups and those found in ISEA are shown in figure 2A and 2B. We here rename R12 70 as R22, since R12 was used in a previous study. 71 F1a3 is here defined solely by 16311 because the two other control-region sites mentioned as diagnostic by Kong et al 66 41 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Mitochondrial Stratigraphy for Island Southeast Asia

Hill

Soares

Mormina

et al. 2007

The American Journal of Human Genetics

228

278

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Island Southeast Asia (ISEA) was first colonized by modern humans at least 45,000 years ago, but the extent to which the modern inhabitants trace their ancestry to the first settlers is a matter of debate. It is widely held, in both archaeology and linguistics, that they are largely descended from a second wave of dispersal, proto-Austronesian-speaking agriculturalists who originated in China and spread to Taiwan approximately 5,500 years ago. From there, they are thought to have dispersed into ISEA approximately 4,000 years ago, assimilating the indigenous populations. Here, we demonstrate that mitochondrial DNA diversity in the region is extremely high and includes a large number of indigenous clades. Only a fraction of these date back to the time of first settlement, and the majority appear to mark dispersals in the late-Pleistocene or early-Holocene epoch most likely triggered by postglacial flooding. There are much closer genetic links to Taiwan than to the mainland, but most of these probably predated the mid-Holocene "Out of Taiwan" event as traditionally envisioned. Only approximately 20% at most of modern mitochondrial DNAs in ISEA could be linked to such an event, suggesting that, if an agriculturalist migration did take place, it was demographically minor, at least with regard to the involvement of women.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Mitochondrial Stratigraphy for Island Southeast Asia

Hill

Soares

Mormina

et al. 2007

The American Journal of Human Genetics

228

278

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This haplogroup is also found in a relatively high frequency in the Khasi and Nicobarese. It is therefore not surprising that in a recent study [32] all the 12 samples of Shompen from Nicobar islands, like their own linguistic neighbors from the region, the Nicobarese, showed O-M95. This may underscore that the Mundari, Khasi-Khmuic and Mon-Khmer groups of India are not only linguistically related but also genetically linked, probably with a single but relatively broad paternal genetic source.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 and Table 2). We also performed AMOVA based on the same set of 16 Y-STR for Shompen tribe [32], which is also a Mon-Khmer group. The results suggest that Shompen like the Nicobarese are also quite distinct from the Mundari (F ST = 0.402) and the Khasi (F ST = 0.476).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Y-chromosome evidence suggests a common paternal heritage of Austro-Asiatic populations

et al. 2007

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Background: The Austro-Asiatic linguistic family, which is considered to be the oldest of all the families in India, has a substantial presence in Southeast Asia. However, the possibility of any genetic link among the linguistic sub-families of the Indian Austro-Asiatics on the one hand and between the Indian and the Southeast Asian Austro-Asiatics on the other has not been explored till now. Therefore, to trace the origin and historic expansion of Austro-Asiatic groups of India, we analysed Y-chromosome SNP and STR data of the 1222 individuals from 25 Indian populations, covering all the three branches of Austro-Asiatic tribes, viz. Mundari, Khasi-Khmuic and Mon-Khmer, along with the previously published data on 214 relevant populations from Asia and Oceania.

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“…Other observed haplogroups thought to originate >25,000 ago include: R22, found among individuals from ISEA, mainland Southeast Asia, and the Nicobar Islands [38]; R9c, most frequent in the Alor population east of Wallace's line; and M21a, notably most common among the Orang Asli [10]. Haplogroup Z, which is found in China, Mainland SEA, Sumatra, and other populations from Borneo is present at 11.11% in the Iban.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ancestry of the Iban Is Predominantly Southeast Asian: Genetic Evidence from Autosomal, Mitochondrial, and Y Chromosomes

et al. 2011

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Humans reached present-day Island Southeast Asia (ISEA) in one of the first major human migrations out of Africa. Population movements in the millennia following this initial settlement are thought to have greatly influenced the genetic makeup of current inhabitants, yet the extent attributed to different events is not clear. Recent studies suggest that south-to-north gene flow largely influenced present-day patterns of genetic variation in Southeast Asian populations and that late Pleistocene and early Holocene migrations from Southeast Asia are responsible for a substantial proportion of ISEA ancestry. Archaeological and linguistic evidence suggests that the ancestors of present-day inhabitants came mainly from north-to-south migrations from Taiwan and throughout ISEA approximately 4,000 years ago. We report a large-scale genetic analysis of human variation in the Iban population from the Malaysian state of Sarawak in northwestern Borneo, located in the center of ISEA. Genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers analyzed here suggest that the Iban exhibit greatest genetic similarity to Indonesian and mainland Southeast Asian populations. The most common non-recombining Y (NRY) and mitochondrial (mt) DNA haplogroups present in the Iban are associated with populations of Southeast Asia. We conclude that migrations from Southeast Asia made a large contribution to Iban ancestry, although evidence of potential gene flow from Taiwan is also seen in uniparentally inherited marker data.

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Molecular insights into the origins of the Shompen, a declining population of the Nicobar archipelago

Cited by 18 publications

References 34 publications

A Mitochondrial Stratigraphy for Island Southeast Asia

A Mitochondrial Stratigraphy for Island Southeast Asia

Y-chromosome evidence suggests a common paternal heritage of Austro-Asiatic populations

Ancestry of the Iban Is Predominantly Southeast Asian: Genetic Evidence from Autosomal, Mitochondrial, and Y Chromosomes

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