Molecular investigation of the dengue outbreak in Karnataka, South India, reveals co-circulation of all four dengue virus serotypes

Rai, Praveen; Kille, Sonam; Kotian, Akshatha; Kumar, Ballamoole Krishna; Deekshit, Vijaya Kumar; Ramakrishna, Mysore Shivalingappa; Karunasagar, Indrani

doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2021.104880

Cited by 10 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 62 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This can explain how major outbreaks coincide with serotype or lineage shifts [20,21]. It also explains the close match between cross-reactive protection decay and the time interval between the heterotypic outbreak cycles in India ( DENV4 is emerging as one of the dominant serotypes in South India (Fig 1B) [28,60]. High divergence in the DENV4-Id lineage in India is largely restricted to immunodominant E and NS2A proteins, again pointing to immune evasion driving its emergence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Most of the subsequent spread of DENV4-I was restricted to Southeast Asian countries. Although it was introduced in India around 1945, there has been a significant increase in reported DENV4-I sequences from 2015 onwards, especially in South India (Fig 1) [28,60]. It is possible that it remained undetected due to underreporting of mild infections since the primary cases of DENV4 have been reported to cause mild disease [61,62].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In spite of being a hotspot of dengue infections, the scarcity of dengue genomic data from India has limited our understanding of dengue virus evolution. Previous dengue studies in India have focused on regional outbreaks [7][8][9][26][27][28], which are dominated by single or closely related strains due to the limitations of a short collection period. The persistence of all serotypes in a high seroprevalence background has been shown to manifest in immunity-driven co-evolution of dengue virus strains at the city-scale [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Evolutionary dynamics of dengue virus in India

Jagtap

Pattabiraman²,

Sankaradoss

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

More than a hundred thousand dengue cases are diagnosed in India annually, and about half of the country's population carries dengue virus-specific antibodies. Dengue propagates and adapts to the selection pressures imposed by a multitude of factors that can lead to the emergence of new variants. Yet, there has been no systematic analysis of the evolution of the dengue virus in the country. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of all DENV gene sequences collected between 1956 and 2018 from India. We examine the spatio-temporal dynamics of India-specific genotypes, their evolutionary relationship with global and local dengue virus strains, interserotype dynamics and their divergence from the vaccine strains. Our analysis highlights the co-circulation of all DENV serotypes in India with cyclical outbreaks every 3-4 years. Since 2000, genotype III of DENV1, cosmopolitan genotype of DENV2, genotype III of DENV3 and genotype I of DENV4 have been dominating across the country. Substitution rates are comparable across the serotypes, suggesting a lack of serotype-specific evolutionary divergence. Yet, the envelope (E) protein displays strong signatures of evolution under immune selection. Apart from drifting away from its ancestors and other contemporary serotypes in general, we find evidence for recurring interserotype drift towards each other, suggesting selection via cross-reactive antibody-dependent enhancement. We identify the emergence of the highly divergent DENV4-Id lineage in South India, which has acquired half of all E gene mutations in the antigenic sites. Moreover, the DENV4-Id is drifting towards DENV1 and DENV3 clades, suggesting the role of cross-reactive antibodies in its evolution. Due to the regional restriction of the Indian genotypes and immunity-driven virus evolution in the country, ~50% of all E gene differences with the current vaccines are focused on the antigenic sites. Our study shows how high incidence and pre-existing population immunity are shaping dengue virus evolution in India.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Evolutionary dynamics of dengue virus in India

Jagtap

Pattabiraman²,

Sankaradoss

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The cost-effectiveness and simplicity of the developed assay due to the use of single pair of primers would be advantageous during epidemiological surveillance and screening of blood donors, where large number of samples have to be tested. As the assay takes lesser time for testing, it will be of a great help in screening during large outbreaks of Dengue like the one that occurred during 2017 and 2019 in Karnataka (Rao et al, 2020;Rai et al, 2021)…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis and serotyping of dengue using cost-effective high-resolution melting curve based real time PCR

Kumar

Sumana

Bupesh

et al. 2022

ijhs

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Dengue virus (DENV) is classiﬁed into four serotypes: DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, and DENV-4 which are genetically-related but antigenically distinct types. Although primary infection with a serotype of DENV gives lifelong immunity to that serotype, the secondary infection with other serotype leads to the development of dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. Serological tests that can detect NS1 antigen on the day one of illness is nonspecific and less sensitive to diagnose dengue in the first week of illness. IgM and IgG antibody detection may not be positive until the later part of first week. Hence it is necessary to develop a nucleic acid-based test kit for detection of DENV in the early phase of the disease such that the complications can be prevented. Simultaneous detection of serotype of DENV helps in understanding the epidemiology of the disease. In the present study, a single primer pair was designed to 3′ untranslated region of DENV genome. After amplification, the melting temperature (Tm) for DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3 and DENV-4 was found to be 83.96 ± 0.58 ˚C, 81.99± 0.26 ˚C, 84.54± 0.15 ˚C, and 83.28 ± 0.12 ˚C, respectively.

show abstract

“…In addition to the above reports, there have also been many reported incidences of concurrent dengue infections from different parts of India 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 . Furthermore, disease severity in an individual has been directly linked to the circulating serotypes and to repeat exposed to different serotypes simultaneously or sequentially.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Concurrent dengue infections: Epidemiology & clinical implications

Sirisena

Mahilkar²,

Sharma

et al. 2021

Indian Journal of Medical Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Multiple dengue virus (DENV) serotypes circulating in a geographical area most often lead to simultaneous infection of two or more serotypes in a single individual. The occurrence of such concurrent infections ranges from 2.5 to 30 per cent, reaching as high as 40-50 per cent in certain dengue hyper-endemic areas. Concurrent dengue manifests itself differently than mono-infected patients, and it becomes even more important to understand the effects of co-infecting serotypes in concurrent infections to ascertain the clinical outcomes of the disease progression and transmission. In addition, there have also been reports of concurrent DENV infections in the presence of other arboviral infections. In this review, we provide a comprehensive breakdown of concurrent dengue infections globally. Furthermore, this review also touches upon the clinical presentations during those concurrent infections categorized as mild or severe forms of disease presentation. Another aspect of this review was aimed at providing insight into the concurrent dengue incidences in the presence of other arboviruses.

show abstract

Molecular investigation of the dengue outbreak in Karnataka, South India, reveals co-circulation of all four dengue virus serotypes

Cited by 10 publications

References 62 publications

Evolutionary dynamics of dengue virus in India

Evolutionary dynamics of dengue virus in India

Diagnosis and serotyping of dengue using cost-effective high-resolution melting curve based real time PCR

Concurrent dengue infections: Epidemiology & clinical implications

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About