Molecular Karyotyping of the 2la Inversion in Anopheles Gambiae

White, Bradley J.; Santolamazza, Federica; Kamau, Luna; Pombi, Marco; Grushko, Olga; Mouline, Karine; Brengues, Cécile; Guelbeogo, Wamdaogo M.; Coulibaly, Mamadou B.; Kayondo, Jonathan; Sharakhov, Igor V.; Simard, Frédéric; Petrarca, Vincenzo; Torre, Alessandra della; Besansky, Nora J.

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2007.76.334

Cited by 71 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Hybrids exhibited bands for each species at each of these assays when viewed on agarose gels. Some individuals were also genotyped using a diagnostic for the 2La inversion polymorphism [35]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contemporary gene flow between wild An. gambiae s.s. and An. arabiensis

et al. 2014

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BackgroundIn areas where the morphologically indistinguishable malaria mosquitoes Anopheles gambiae Giles and An. arabiensis Patton are sympatric, hybrids are detected occasionally via species-diagnostic molecular assays. An. gambiae and An. arabiensis exhibit both pre- and post-reproductive mating barriers, with swarms largely species-specific and male F1 (first-generation) hybrids sterile. Consequently advanced-stage hybrids (back-crosses to parental species), which would represent a route for potentially-adaptive introgression, are expected to be very rare in natural populations. Yet the use of one or two physically linked single-locus diagnostic assays renders them indistinguishable from F1 hybrids and levels of interspecific gene flow are unknown.MethodsWe used data from over 350 polymorphic autosomal SNPs to investigate post F1 gene flow via patterns of genomic admixture between An. gambiae and An. arabiensis from eastern Uganda. Simulations were used to investigate the statistical power to detect hybrids with different levels of crossing and to identify the hybrid category significantly admixed genotypes could represent.ResultsA range of admixture proportions were detected for 11 field-collected hybrids identified via single-locus species-diagnostic PCRs. Comparison of admixture data with simulations indicated that at least seven of these hybrids were advanced generation crosses, with backcrosses to each species identified. In addition, of 36 individuals typing as An. gambiae or An. arabiensis that exhibited outlying admixture proportions, ten were identified as significantly mixed backcrosses, and at least four of these were second or third generation crosses.ConclusionsOur results show that hybrids detected using standard diagnostics will often be hybrid generations beyond F1, and that in our study area around 5% (95% confidence intervals 3%-9%) of apparently ‘pure’ species samples may also be backcrosses. This is likely an underestimate because of rapidly-declining detection power beyond the first two backcross generations. Post-F1 gene flow occurs at a far from inconsequential rate between An. gambiae and An. arabiensis, and, especially for traits under strong selection, could readily lead to adaptive introgression of genetic variants relevant for vector control.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1756-3305-7-345) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contemporary gene flow between wild An. gambiae s.s. and An. arabiensis

et al. 2014

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“…gambiae s.s. was identiÞed using established methods (Favia et al 2001, Fanello et al 2002. 2La genotype was determined using a 2La diagnostic PCR proposed by White et al (2007).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Desiccation Resistance Among Subpopulations ofAnopheles gambiaes.s. From Selinkenyi, Mali

Meneses

Fofana

et al. 2009

J Med Entomol

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Certain forms of Anopheles gambiae s.s. actively maintain malaria transmission in the driest areas and months of the year because of considerable drought tolerance. We monitored desiccation resistance of F1 offspring of both the M and S forms of field-collected An. gambiae s.s. Our results indicate that the geographic cline in the distribution of the two forms, as observed in Mali, corresponds to a physiological difference in response to arid environments. In addition, female mosquitoes survived significantly longer than males, enhancing the vector competence for the malaria parasite. Our study supports a genetic link to the drought tolerance phenotype, a phenotype with important consequences to malaria transmission in many places in Africa.

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“…Nowadays, the new advances in molecular karyotyping in An. gambiae (based on quick, low-cost and convenient PCR reactions) have relaunched an interest in this field [87,88] AFUB25 AY029723 GTGGAAACGGTGGTACTGT CGCCATGTAGCTAGGGTTTG 212-224 AFUB10 AY029717 TGTCCATGTACAACCGCAAC TTCTCCAGCATCATCAGCAC 195-210 AFND37 AY291373 GATCGATACAATAAGTGTAGAAATAAT TCACGATGTGCAACCTATAA 161-189 AFUB30 AY029737 GCCAGTTTGCAGAACCAAAT CTGCTGCTGATGTTGCTGAT 154-163 AFUB7 AY029714 ATGGGACGATGGATTACCAA GCCAGTTTGCAGAACCAAAT 220-223 AFUB16 AY029723 CGTGGATGGCAATGTTACTG TGCGACTTATCAGTGCTCCT 179-209 AFND21 AF171051 CCGCACACCAACTTACACTC TGGCGTGGGATTAAATAGG 96-104 AFUB13 GACTTCCGCCACAGAACATC CTCAGGCTCGCAGTAGGAGT 207-210 AFND19 AF171049 CAGAACCACTTCGATTCAAC CCTGCACTCAGAAACACAC 172-205 FUND AY6008 GCTAACTACTCCGAAGCGCT GATCGCAAAACTTCCGGTT 145-177 FUNI AY6013 *GCAACTAAGCTGGGACAGGA GCATCTAACCCTGCTGCTT 181-197 AFND3 AF171033 ACGACTGTAACCACAACACC TAGTAGCGAAGGCGAAAGAT 171-195 FUNF AY6010 CCTTCAGTTTCGATTGGCG AATAAGATGCGACCGTGGC 104-118 AFND10 AF171040 TTTTTTCTTCCCGTGTTGC TACCATTTGATTACAGCGCC 114-146 AFUB17 AY029724 GAAAACCGTACGAACGATGG TGCGACAGTAGCACAGGGTA 187-196 AFUB1 AY029708 CAGCAGCAGCAGCAACAG GACGTTAGCATCTCCACCAG 266-269 AFUB12 AY029719 TGGGGAAC...…”

Section: Molecular Markersmentioning

confidence: 99%