Molecular Markers as a Tool to Verify Sexual and Apomictic Off-Spring of Intraspecific Crosses in Hypericum perforatum

Steck, Nicole; Messmer, Monika; Schaffner, W.; Bueter, Karin Berger

doi:10.1055/s-2001-14320

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Interspecific hybridization has been recently reported but its consequences on the polyphenolic profile of SJW has not been evaluated so far. On this regard some RAPD based methods to precisely verify intraspecific crossings during hybrid selection are becoming available and could be helpful during the breeding process [ 155 ]. Comparative breeding and long-term selection of lines evaluated not simply for their agronomic advantages (gross yield, resistance, etc.)…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Affecting Polyphenol Biosynthesis in Wild and Field Grown St. John’s Wort (Hypericum perforatum L. Hypericaceae/Guttiferae)

2009

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The increasing diffusion of herbal products is posing new questions: why are products so often different in their composition and efficacy? Which approach is more suitable to increase the biochemical productivity of medicinal plants with large-scale, low-cost solutions? Can the phytochemical profile of a medicinal plant be modulated in order to increase the accumulation of its most valuable constituents? Will polyphenol-rich medicinal crops ever be traded as commodities? Providing a proactive answer to such questions is an extremely hard task, due to the large number of variables involved: intraspecific chemodiversity, plant breeding, ontogenetic stage, post-harvest handling, biotic and abiotic factors, to name but a few. An ideal path in this direction should include the definition of optimum pre-harvesting and post-harvesting conditions and the availability of specific Good Agricultural Practices centered on secondary metabolism enhancement. The first steps to be taken are undoubtedly the evaluation and the organization of scattered data regarding the diverse factors involved in the optimization of medicinal plant cultivation, in order to provide an interdisciplinary overview of main possibilities, weaknesses and drawbacks. This review is intended to be a synopsis of the knowledge on this regard focused on Hypericum perforatum L. (Hypericaceae/Guttiferae) secondary metabolites of phenolic origin, with the aim to provide a reference and suggest an evolution towards the maximization of St. John's Wort bioactive constituents. Factors considered emerged not only from in-field agronomic results, but also from physiological, genetical, biotic, abiotic and phytochemical data that could be scaled up to the application level. To increase quality for final beneficiaries, growers’ profits and ultimately transform phenolic-rich medicinal crops into commodities, the emerging trend suggests an integrated and synergic approach. Agronomy and genetics will need to develop their breeding strategies taking account of the suggestions of phytochemistry, biochemistry, pharmacognosy and pharmacology, without losing sight of the economic balance of the production.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Affecting Polyphenol Biosynthesis in Wild and Field Grown St. John’s Wort (Hypericum perforatum L. Hypericaceae/Guttiferae)

2009

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“…This latter study identified 11 different mechanisms of seed formation, in addition to low numbers of obligate sexually and apomictically reproducing plants: embryos of sexual origin were mainly diploid (2n ¼ 2x ¼ 16), while apomictically formed embryos were tetraploid (2n ¼ 4x ¼ 32) or hexaploid (2n ¼ 6x ¼ 48). The different modes of reproduction in this species have been confirmed numerous times by examining molecular marker segregation in maternal plants and their progenies (Halušková and Č ellárová, 1997;Arnholdt-Schmitt, 2000;Steck et al, 2001). DNA fingerprinting techniques in conjunction with cytological investigations have furthermore demonstrated low frequencies of recombinant offspring from otherwise apomictic mother plants (Halušková and Košuth, 2003;Mayo and Langridge, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity and reproductive biology in ecotypes of the facultative apomict Hypericum perforatum L.

et al. 2006

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Apomixis is a mode of asexual reproduction through seed. Progeny produced by apomixis are clonal replicas of a mother plant. The essential feature of apomixis is that embryo sacs and embryos are produced in ovules without meiotic reduction or egg cell fertilisation. Thus, apomixis fixes successful gene combinations and propagates high fitness genotypes across generations. A more profound knowledge of the mechanisms that regulate reproductive events in plants would contribute fundamentally to understanding the evolution and genetic control of apomixis. Molecular markers were used to determine levels of genetic variation within and relationship among ecotypes of the facultative apomict Hypericum perforatum L. (2n ¼ 4x ¼ 32). All ecotypes were polyclonal, being not dominated by a single genotype, and characterised by different levels of differentiation among multilocus genotypes. Flow cytometric analysis of seeds indicated that all ecotypes were facultatively apomictic, with varying degrees of apomixis and sexuality. Seeds set by haploid parthenogenesis and/or by fertilisation of aposporic egg cells were detected in most populations. The occurrence of both dihaploids and hexaploids indicates that apospory and parthenogenesis may be developmentally uncoupled and supports two distinct genetic factors controlling apospory and parthenogenesis in this species. Cyto-embryological analysis showed that meiotic and aposporic processes do initiate within the same ovule: the aposporic initial often appeared evident at the time of megaspore mother cell differentiation. Our observations suggest that the egg cell exists in an active metabolic state before pollination, and that its parthenogenetic activation leading to embryo formation may occur before fertilisation and endosperm initiation.

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“…H. perforatum is considered to be a facultative, pseudogamous, apomictic plant (Mayo and Langridge, 2003). Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and fingerprinting and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) are used as tools for research on the mode of reproduction of this species (Haluskova and Cellarova, 1997;Arnholdt-Schmitt, 2000;Steck et al, 2001). This plant is thought to be of allopolyploid origin (Martonfi et al, 1996) and most commonly occurs as a tetraploid (2n ¼ 4x ¼ 32) (Nielsen, 1924;Brutovska et al, 2000).…”

Section: Classicalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement of medicinal plant quality: a Hypericum perforatum literature review as an example

Poutaraud

Girardin

2005

Plant Genet. Resour.

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Numerous factors influence the chemical quality of medicinal plants from crop establishment to extraction of raw material. The most important ones are described using the example of Hypericum perforatum. Optimization of these factors contributes to the objective of producing a high-quality drug, and a method consisting of three scientific approaches (technological, agronomical, plant breeding) is presented. All data concerning the plant (biology, physiology and environmental impacts) and the active components and by-products (pathway, localization and stability) are useful to adapt and to develop management sequences. Although plant breeding appears to be the principal way of improvement, and gives good results in terms of resistance to pathogens, active component content and yield; the agronomical and the technological approaches are also very important. The technological approach after harvesting is especially important to avoid degradation of the active components and to induce, in some cases, the transformation of by-products to those molecules sought. This integrated method (plant breeding and agronomical and chemical approaches) requires research on different levels of organization from molecule to field, and includes all processing systems from farmers to chemists.

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Molecular Markers as a Tool to Verify Sexual and Apomictic Off-Spring of Intraspecific Crosses in Hypericum perforatum

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Factors Affecting Polyphenol Biosynthesis in Wild and Field Grown St. John’s Wort (Hypericum perforatum L. Hypericaceae/Guttiferae)

Factors Affecting Polyphenol Biosynthesis in Wild and Field Grown St. John’s Wort (Hypericum perforatum L. Hypericaceae/Guttiferae)

Genetic diversity and reproductive biology in ecotypes of the facultative apomict Hypericum perforatum L.

Improvement of medicinal plant quality: a Hypericum perforatum literature review as an example

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