Molecular Markers Associated with Plant Architecture and Resistance to Common Blight, Web Blight, and Rust in Common Beans

Abstract

<jats:p>Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to construct a partial linkage map in a recombinant inbred population derived from the common bean (<jats:italic>Phaseolus vulgaris</jats:italic> L.) cross BAC 6 × HT 7719 for studying the genetics of disease resistance in common bean. The linkage map spanned 545 cM and included 75 of 84 markers used in this study. The population of 128 recombinant inbred lines was evaluated for resistance to common bacterial blight, foliar resistance to web blight [WB; <jats:italic>Thanatephorus cucumeris</jats:italic> (Frank) Donk], and resistance to rust [<jats:italic>Uromyces appendiculatus</jats:italic> var. <jats:italic>appendiculatus</jats:italic> (Pers.:Pers) Unger]. Common bacterial blight [CBB; <jats:italic>Xanthomonas campestris</jats:italic> pv. <jats:italic>phaseoli</jats:italic> (Smith) Dye] resistance was evaluated for CBB strain Epif-IV in later-developed trifoliolate leaves and for CBB strain EK-11 in seeds, first trifoliolate leaves, later-developed trifoliolate leaves, and pods. In addition, lines were rated for plant uprightness and branch density. Two to six markers accounted for 14% to 34% of the phenotypic variation for each trait. Significant marker locustrait associations were found for 14 mapped loci and 7 of the 9 unmapped markers. The distribution of detected QTL appeared to be nonrandom with most significant markers associated with more than one trait or closely linked to markers significantly associated with variation for a different trait. One marker, BC409<jats:sub>1250</jats:sub>, was significantly associated with WB resistance, resistance for CBB strain Epif-IV in later-developed trifoliolate leaves, and resistance for CBB strain EK-11 in first trifoliolate leaves, later-developed trifoliolate leaves, and pods. A rust resistance gene was mapped in an interval 14.6 cM from RAPD marker H19<jats:sub>1050</jats:sub> and 12.5 cM from marker AJ16<jats:sub>250</jats:sub>.</jats:p>

Common Bean Rust: Pathology and Control

“…However, APR was later found not to be associated with pubescence (the gene for pubescence and that for APR were located on different chromosomes), and not to be racenonspecific (Bokosi et al 1994a;Sandlin and Steadman 1994;Jung et al 1996Jung et al , 1998. This finding is in agreement with various findings for APR in cereals, summarized in van der Plank (1982).…”

“…Ballantyne (1978) studied the possible relationship between rust resistance and growth habit, seed coat color, and stem pigment color for various crosses but found no evidence of linkage with resistance. Jung et al (1996Jung et al ( , 1998 also found no linkage between abaxial leaf pubescence and rust resistance.…”

“…Webster and Ainsworth (1988) reported that cultivars 'Resisto' and 'Cape' possessed ''small pustule resistance,'' conditioned by a single dominant gene (common to both cultivars). Jung et al (1996) studied ''small pustule resistance'' in 'BAC 6' and obtained a resistant:susceptible 1:1 segregation (indicative of dominance) for the recombinant inbred line (RIL) in the F 7 generation. In addition, Shaik and Steadman (1989a) cautioned that leaf development stages at the time of inoculation can cause considerable variation in uredinial size and recommended that a range of developmental stages should be included when this parameter is studied.…”

“…2003;Faleiro et al 2004) and resistance breeding (Miklas 2002;Ragagnin et al 2003;Faleiro et al 2004), recent attention has been given to polymorphic-rich markers using nucleic acids (usually DNA). Initial studies used restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) (Nodari et al 1992), but, due to the time consumed by this method, the large amount of DNA required, and the dangers of radioactivity, it quickly gave way to polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based markers such as RAPD markers (Williams et al 1990;Miklas and Kelly 1992;McClean et al 1994;Johnson et al 1995;Jung et al 1996Jung et al , 1998Faleiro et al 2004;Park et al 2004b), amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) (Vos et al 1995;Beebe et al 1998;Rasmussen et al 2002;Liebenberg 2003), derived sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers (Park et al 2004b(Park et al ,c, 2008Mienie et al 2005), microsatellites (simple sequence repeats [SSRs]) (Yu et al 2000;Blair et al 2003;Pastor-Corrales et al 2008), and targeted region amplified polymorphism (TRAP) markers (Wright et al 2008).…”

“…There are several genetic maps on which many of the rust resistance genes have been mapped; for instance, Gepts et al (1993);Nodari et al (1993);McClean et al (1994) (Ur-6); Jung et al (1996) (Ur-BAC-6); Freyre et al 1998 (Bean Core Map); Jung et al (1998) (Ur-9 and Ur-12); Miklas et al (1998) (Ur-5); Miklas et al (2000) (Ur-Dorado-53, Ur-Dorado-108, Ur-5 marker); Miklas et al (2002) (Ur-3, Ur-4, Ur-5, Ur-9, Ur-11, Ur-12, Ur-Dorado-53, Ur-Dorado-108 The Bean Core ('BAT 93'/'Jalo EEP 558') map has been expanded to accommodate most of these, and other, genes . Chromosome numbers, allocated in 2003 by Pedrosa et al (2003), have been changed to correspond with those used for the Core Map linkage groups by Freyre et al (1998), Pedrosa-Harand et al (2006), and Pedrosa et al (2008).…”