Molecular Mechanism of Action of Herbicides

Pesticide toxicity: a mechanistic approach

“…Improper use of herbicides has resulted in human health problems and the mechanisms of toxicity of many pesticides to non-target organisms remain poorly studied. Research into understanding the mode of action of herbicides may be an important tool to improve their efficiency, application methods in various agricultural practices, handle weed resistance problems, and explore toxic properties (Jablonkai, 2011[ 82 ]).…”

“…The mechanism found for herbicidal activity of 2,4-D is based on its auxin-like capacity. A receptor for auxin was reported to recognize synthetic auxin analogues such as 2,4-D (Jablonkai, 2011[ 82 ]). Seedling Growth Inhibitors.…”

“…Thus, several classes of herbicides may inhibit acetohydroxyacid synthase, which catalyzes the first common step in the biosynthesis of valine, leucine, and isoleucine, or 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase, a key enzyme in tyrosine catabolism and carotenoid synthesis (Duggleby et al, 2008[ 46 ]; Garcia et al, 2017[ 59 ]). Several compounds are potent inhibitors of glutamine synthase that catalyzes incorporation of ammonia onto glutamate (Jablonkai, 2011[ 82 ]; Tarazona et al, 2017[ 171 ]). Lipid Biosynthesis Inhibitors.…”

Análise Sistemática Das Respostas Metabólicas Da Microbiota Sob Aplicação De Herbicidas Pre-Emergentes Em Solos Tropicais

“…Os herbicidas classificados como inibidores do fotossistema 2 (PS II), se ligam à proteína D1 de forma estequiométrica. Devido a ligação do herbicida, o fluxo de elétrons do PS II é interrompido e a fixação de dióxido de carbono cessa (JABLONKAI, 2011;DAYAN et al, 2015). Dessa forma, os aceptores não ficam disponíveis para receber elétrons para excitação da clorofila, então, radicais livres são formados e desenvolve um quadro de clorose (JABLONKAI, 2011;PETERS et al, 2014 O ALS, também conhecido por acetohidroxiácido sintase (AHAS) (ZHOU et al, 2007), é a primeira enzima na biossíntese de aminoácidos de cadeia ramificada como a isoleucina, valina e a leucina (TRANEL; WRIGHT, 2002;ZHOU et al, 2007;KRAEMER et al, 2009;ZHOU et al, 2010).…”

Photosynthesis-Inhibiting Activity of Methoxy-Substituted 3-Hydroxynaphthalene-2-Carboxanilides

“…Although approx. 20 various mechanisms of actions of herbicides are known [1][2][3], over 50% of commercially available herbicides act by reversible binding to photosystem II (PS II) [1,2,4,5], and due to this interaction, the photosynthetic electron transport (PET) is interrupted [6][7][8][9][10]. In addition to allowing interactions with many other biological targets [11,12], the amide (-CONH-) moiety is essential for the effectiveness of many herbicides acting as inhibitors of photosynthesis [10,[13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20].…”