“…Turmeric is obtained from plants of the genus Curcuma and its main components are essential oil, fat oil, and curcumin, with the most active component being curcumin (C 21 H 20 O 6 ), a β -diketone polyphenolic compound. Curcumin is used as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and has the effect of breaking blood, promoting Qi, and relieving pain through the meridional circulation ( Huang et al, 2022 ). The anti-pancreatic cancer mechanism of curcumin may include: ① Inhibiting cell migration ( Li, W., et al, 2019 ; Li W et al, 2018 ; Nagaraju et al, 2019 ); ② Downregulating the expression of Bcl-2 and upregulating the expression of BAX, decreasing the Bcl-2/BAX ratio, and thus inducing apoptosis ( Zhu and Bu, 2017 ); ③Inhibiting the epithelial-mesenchymal transformation of pancreatic cancer PANC-1 cells induced by TGF- β 1, thereby reducing the possibility of invasion and distant metastasis ( Wang, Q., et al, 2017 ; Cao et al, 2016b ; Li W, et al, 2020 ); ④ Counteracting angiogenesis through reducing the activity of COX-2, preventing the synthesis of PGE2 and thus inhibiting tumor formation ( Nagaraju et al, 2015 ); ⑤ Inhibiting pancreatic cancer stem cells ( Ning et al, 2016 ); ⑥ Inhibiting the phosphorylation of STAT3 in pancreatic cancer cell lines, thus blocking STAT3 activation, and promoting apoptosis by enhancing the cytotoxicity of natural killer (NK) cells ( Glienke et al, 2010 ; Fiala, 2015 ; Malhotra et al, 2022 ); ⑦ Inhibiting the growth of xenograft tumors and the biological activity of pancreatic cancer cells by regulating the miR-21–5p/SMAD7 axis ( Liu et al, 2012 ; Fang et al, 2022 ).…”