“…The genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors; mutations in certain genes, nutritional stress, temperature, pH, oxygen supply and alteration in cell wall composition have been shown to induce flocculation phenotypes (Soares, 2011;Kim and Rose, 2015;Liu et al, 2015). Flocculins are lectin-like cell wall proteins that bind to mannose residues on the cell wall of neighboring cells leading to flocculation (Van Mulders et al, 2009, Goossens et al, 2015. Yeast subtelomeric loci carry five dominant FLO genes; FLO1, FLO5, FLO9, FLO10 and FLO11, all of which are epigenetically regulated (Halme et al, 2004) and responsible for flocculation and biofilm formation (Smukalla et al, 2008;Goossens et al, 2011;Sim et al, 2013).…”