Molecular Mechanisms and Pathophysiology of Acute Stroke: Emphasis on Biomarkers in the Different Stroke Subtypes

Gasull, Teresa; Arboix, Adrià

doi:10.3390/ijms23169476

Cited by 18 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 16 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…If this disorder is developed in carotid arteries as the only blood supply channel to the brain, brain failure or even stroke is anticipated . Based on WHO data, stroke is the second cause of death among adult men and the first cause of mortality in adult females throughout the world and also one of the major causes of morbidity and dementia in the adult population. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drug Delivery Angle for Various Atherosclerosis and Aneurysm Percentages of the Carotid Artery

Amani,

Farajollahi

2024

Mol. Pharmaceutics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Stroke is the second cause of mortality among adult males and the first cause of death in adult females all around the world. It is also recognized as one of the most important causes of morbidity and dementia in adults. Stenosis or rupture of the only channels of the blood supply from the heart to the brain (carotid arteries) is among the main causes of stroke. In this regard, treatment of the lesions of carotid arteries, including atherosclerosis and aneurysm, could be a huge step in preventing stroke and improving brain performance. Targeted drug delivery by drug-carrying nanoparticles is the latest method for optimal delivery of drug to the damaged parts of the artery. In this study, a wide range of carotid artery lesions, including different percentages of atherosclerosis and aneurysm, were considered. After analyzing the dynamics of the fluid flow in different damaged regions and selecting the magnetic framework with proper ligand (Fe 3 O 4 @MOF) as the drug carrier, the size of the particles and their number per cycle were analyzed. Based on the results, the particle size of 100 nm and the use of 300 particles per injection at each cardiac cycle can result in maximum drug delivery to the target site. Then, the effect of the hospital bed angle on drug delivery was investigated. The results showed a unique optimal drug delivery angle for each extent of atherosclerosis or aneurysm. For example, in a 50% aneurysm, drug delivery at an angle of 30°is about 387% higher than that at an angle of 15°. Finally, simulation of real geometry indicated the effectiveness of simple geometry instead of real geometry for the simulation of carotid arteries, which can remarkably decrease the computational time and costs.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drug Delivery Angle for Various Atherosclerosis and Aneurysm Percentages of the Carotid Artery

Amani,

Farajollahi

2024

Mol. Pharmaceutics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Ischemic stroke typically arises from a blood clot or embolism, leading to a disruption in the blood supply to a specific area of the brain [ 22 ]. Blood biomarkers play a crucial role in the etiology of diverse ischemic stroke subtypes [ 23 ]. They can instigate inflammatory responses, thrombosis, and antifibrinolysis, exacerbate atherosclerosis, and cause damage to endothelial cells [ 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring clinical indicator variations in stroke patients with multiple risk factors: focus on hypertension and inflammatory reactions

Guo,

Tian,

et al. 2024

Eur J Med Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Stroke stands as the second leading cause of death worldwide. Currently, extensive research has been conducted on stroke risk factors. However, when stroke patients contend with multiple risk factors, the impact on clinical indicators remains uncertain. Objectives This study seeks to investigate potential significant variations among distinct ranges of clinical indicators in instances where stroke patients experience multiple risk factors and various ischemic stroke subtypes. Material and methods The research encompassed 440 stroke patients admitted to the First People's Hospital of Wenling City, Zhejiang Province, China. These patients were classified based on the type and quantity of risk factors and subtypes of ischemic stroke they presented. The χ2 test was employed to assess the relationship between the risk of comorbid diseases and clinical indicators in stroke patients. Results The results of our study have underscored a significant correlation between various comorbid risk factors in stroke patients and the patients' age (P < 0.010). Furthermore, we observed noteworthy disparities in the plasma levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, and INF-γ between patients devoid of risk factors and those presenting with comorbid risk factors associated with stroke. Significant differences in INF-γ were observed between the two subtypes of ischemic stroke, namely lacunar infarction and cardioembolic stroke. Conclusion Age is correlated with an elevated risk of stroke. Individuals exhibiting multiple stroke risk factors and diverse ischemic stroke subtypes commonly present with abnormal lipid levels and imbalances in Th1/Th2 cytokines. These factors significantly contribute to the onset and progression of stroke. Furthermore, inflammatory responses, particularly those induced by atherosclerosis, play a pivotal role in the genesis of stroke and exert a substantial influence on its prognosis.

show abstract

“…Stroke seriously endangers human health and quality of life (1). Every 6 seconds, one person in the world dies of stroke (2,3), and 60%-80% of these cases are due to ischemic stroke (4).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electroacupuncture and human iPSC-derived small extracellular vesicles regulate the gut microbiota in ischemic stroke via the brain-gut axis

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Electroacupuncture (EA) and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived small extracellular vesicles (iPSC-EVs) have substantial beneficial effects on ischemic stroke. However, the detailed mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we explored the mechanisms underlying the regulation of EA and iPSC-EVs in the microbiome-gut-brain axis (MGBA) after ischemic stroke. Ischemic stroke mice (C57BL/6) were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) or Sham surgery. EA and iPSC-EVs treatments significantly improved neurological function and neuronal and intestinal tract injury, downregulated the levels of IL-17 expression and upregulated IL-10 levels in brain and colon tissue after cerebral ischemia−reperfusion. EA and iPSC-EVs treatments also modulated the microbiota composition and diversity as well as the differential distribution of species in the intestines of the mice after cerebral ischemia−reperfusion. Our results demonstrated that EA and iPSC-EVs treatments regulated intestinal immunity through MGBA regulation of intestinal microbes, reducing brain and colon damage following cerebral ischemia and positively impacting the outcomes of ischemic stroke. Our findings provide new insights into the application of EA combined with iPSC-EVs as a treatment for ischemic stroke.

show abstract

Molecular Mechanisms and Pathophysiology of Acute Stroke: Emphasis on Biomarkers in the Different Stroke Subtypes

Abstract: According to WHO data, strokes are the second leading cause of death in adult males, the first cause of death of adult women worldwide and one of the most important causes of disability and dementia in adults [...]

Cited by 18 publications

References 16 publications

Drug Delivery Angle for Various Atherosclerosis and Aneurysm Percentages of the Carotid Artery

Drug Delivery Angle for Various Atherosclerosis and Aneurysm Percentages of the Carotid Artery

Exploring clinical indicator variations in stroke patients with multiple risk factors: focus on hypertension and inflammatory reactions

Electroacupuncture and human iPSC-derived small extracellular vesicles regulate the gut microbiota in ischemic stroke via the brain-gut axis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About