Molecular mechanisms involved in pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2: Immune evasion and implications for therapeutic strategies

Latifi-Pupovci, Hatixhe

doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113368

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 166 publications

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“…SARS-CoV-2 can act at the state of induction by inducing antagonism [ 98 , 99 , 100 , 101 , 102 ]. Other mechanisms related to failure of containment of SARS-CoV-2 in the nasal mucosa have been reported [ 103 , 104 ], and more insights will be generated in the future.…”

Section: Possible Mechanisms Underlying Failure Of Containing Sars-co...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Pathogenic and Protective Immune Responses to SARS-CoV-2 and Implications of COVID-19 Vaccines

2023

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has devastated the world with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which has imparted a toll of at least 631 million reported cases with 6.57 million reported deaths. In order to handle this pandemic, vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 have been developed and billions of doses of various vaccines have been administered. In the meantime, several antiviral drugs and other treatment modalities have been developed to treat COVID-19 patients. At the end of the day, it seems that anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and newly developed antiviral drugs may be improved based on various new developments. COVID-19 represents a virus-induced, immune-mediated pathological process. The severity of the disease is related to the nature and properties of the host immune responses. In addition, host immunity plays a dominant role in regulating the extent of COVID-19. The present reality regarding the role of anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, persistence of SARS-CoV-2 infection even three years after the initiation of the pandemic, and divergent faces of COVID-19 have initiated several queries among huge populations, policy makers, general physicians, and scientific communities. The present review aims to provide some information regarding the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying SARS-CoV-2 infection.

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Section: Possible Mechanisms Underlying Failure Of Containing Sars-co...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Pathogenic and Protective Immune Responses to SARS-CoV-2 and Implications of COVID-19 Vaccines

2023

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“…TMPRSS2 cleaves the S-protein into its subunits S1 and S2. This leads to the exposure of the RBD on the S1 subunit of the S-protein [78] , [79] , [80] . On the other hand, the S2 domain facilitates the fusion of viral and cellular membranes by undergoing conformational changes [80] , [81] .…”

Section: Mutational Changes and Their Impactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This leads to the exposure of the RBD on the S1 subunit of the S-protein [78] , [79] , [80] . On the other hand, the S2 domain facilitates the fusion of viral and cellular membranes by undergoing conformational changes [80] , [81] . It is interesting to note that the electron microscopic studies have found that the binding affinity of SARS-CoV-2 S-protein to ACE2 is approximately 10–20 times greater than that of S protein of other SARS-CoVs [80] , [82] .…”

Section: Mutational Changes and Their Impactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, the S2 domain facilitates the fusion of viral and cellular membranes by undergoing conformational changes [80] , [81] . It is interesting to note that the electron microscopic studies have found that the binding affinity of SARS-CoV-2 S-protein to ACE2 is approximately 10–20 times greater than that of S protein of other SARS-CoVs [80] , [82] . To enter host cells, the S-protein of SARS-CoV-2 must be cleaved at the S1-S2 and S2 sites.…”

Section: Mutational Changes and Their Impactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) and its sublineages: What do we know so far amid the emergence of recombinant variants of SARS-CoV-2?

Dhawan

Saied

Mitra

et al. 2022

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy

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“…Consecutively, the S2 domain undergoes structural modifications that assist in the union of viral and cellular membranes [ 31 , 32 ]. It is noteworthy that according to studies using electron microscopy, the SARS-CoV-2 S Protein has a binding affinity to ACE2 that is around 10–20 times larger than that of the S proteins from other SARS-CoVs [ 30 , 33 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variants of SARS-CoV-2: Influences on the Vaccines’ Effectiveness and Possible Strategies to Overcome Their Consequences

et al. 2023

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The immune response elicited by the current COVID-19 vaccinations declines with time, especially among the immunocompromised population. Furthermore, the emergence of novel SARS-CoV-2 variants, particularly the Omicron variant, has raised serious concerns about the efficacy of currently available vaccines in protecting the most vulnerable people. Several studies have reported that vaccinated people get breakthrough infections amid COVID-19 cases. So far, five variants of concern (VOCs) have been reported, resulting in successive waves of infection. These variants have shown a variable amount of resistance towards the neutralising antibodies (nAbs) elicited either through natural infection or the vaccination. The spike (S) protein, membrane (M) protein, and envelope (E) protein on the viral surface envelope and the N-nucleocapsid protein in the core of the ribonucleoprotein are the major structural vaccine target proteins against COVID-19. Among these targets, S Protein has been extensively exploited to generate effective vaccines against COVID-19. Hence, amid the emergence of novel variants of SARS-CoV-2, we have discussed their impact on currently available vaccines. We have also discussed the potential roles of S Protein in the development of novel vaccination approaches to contain the negative consequences of the variants’ emergence and acquisition of mutations in the S Protein of SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, the implications of SARS-CoV-2’s structural proteins were also discussed in terms of their variable potential to elicit an effective amount of immune response.

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Molecular mechanisms involved in pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2: Immune evasion and implications for therapeutic strategies

Cited by 8 publications

References 166 publications

Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Pathogenic and Protective Immune Responses to SARS-CoV-2 and Implications of COVID-19 Vaccines

Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Pathogenic and Protective Immune Responses to SARS-CoV-2 and Implications of COVID-19 Vaccines

Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) and its sublineages: What do we know so far amid the emergence of recombinant variants of SARS-CoV-2?

Variants of SARS-CoV-2: Influences on the Vaccines’ Effectiveness and Possible Strategies to Overcome Their Consequences

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