Molecular mechanisms of multi-omic regulation in breast cancer

Abstract

Breast cancer is a complex disease that is influenced by the concurrent influence of multiple genetic and environmental factors. Recent advances in genomics and other high throughput biomolecular techniques (-omics) have provided numerous insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying breast cancer development and progression. A number of these mechanisms involve multiple layers of regulation. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the role of multiple omics in the regulation of breast cancer, including the effects of DNA methylation, non-coding RNA, and other epigenomic changes. We comment on how integrating such diverse mechanisms is envisioned as key to a more comprehensive understanding of breast carcinogenesis and cancer biology with relevance to prognostics, diagnostics and therapeutics. We also discuss the potential clinical implications of these findings and highlight areas for future research. Overall, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of multi-omic regulation in breast cancer is rapidly increasing and has the potential to inform the development of novel therapeutic approaches for this disease.

Coordinated inflammation and immune response transcriptional regulation in breast cancer molecular subtypes

“…The integration of multi-omics approaches, including DNA methylation assays ( 84 ), copy number variants (CNVs) ( 85 , 86 ), miRNA expression profiling ( 87 – 89 ), transcription factor binding site analysis ( 90 ), and proteomics ( 91 ), can further improve our understanding of gene regulation in breast cancer tumors ( 84 , 92 ). These comprehensive techniques offer unprecedented insights into the intricate molecular mechanisms underlying tumorigenesis and progression.…”

“…As previously noted, previous work form our group and others has analyzed such multi-omic effects on gene regulation in breast cancer subtypes at a large scale in several of these scenarios ( 92 ). However, a multi-omic study centered around immune responses in breast cancer subtypes has been missing.…”

Onco-Breastomics: An Eco-Evo-Devo Holistic Approach

“…BC is characterized by a high genomic instability expressed in somatic gene mutations, copy number alterations (CNAs), and chromosome structural rearrangements caused by defects in DNA damage repair (DDR), transcription, DNA replication, telomere maintenance and mitotic chromosome segregation [33,34]. Multi-omics analyses, including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and even single-cell molecular profiling, are essential to characterize the molecular mechanisms of multi-omics regulation in BC [35], or to identify -omics differences in BC-related transcriptional regulatory network gene hubs between certain ethnic groups [36].…”

Table_5.xlsx

“…The integration of multi-omics approaches, including DNA methylation assays (84), copy number variants (CNVs) (85,86), miRNA expression profiling (87-89), transcription factor binding site analysis (90), and proteomics (91), can further improve our understanding of gene regulation in breast cancer tumors (84,92). These comprehensive techniques offer unprecedented insights into the intricate molecular mechanisms underlying tumorigenesis and progression.…”

“…As previously noted, previous work form our group and others has analyzed such multi-omic effects on gene regulation in breast cancer subtypes at a large scale in several of these scenarios (92). However, a multi-omic study centered around immune responses in breast cancer subtypes has been missing.…”