Molecular Mechanisms of Pesticide Toxicity

Tebourbi, Olfa; Sakly, Mohsen; Rhouma, Khémaïs Ben

doi:10.5772/17952

Cited by 32 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 195 publications

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“…Organochlorine compounds (insecticides, e.g., aldrin, DDT, HCH, heptachlor, chlordane, endosulfan) are in general very effective contact insecticides, and they are structurally related to steroid hormones and act on the respective hormone receptor (Tebourbi et al. ). Organophosphates (mostly insecticides, e.g., parathion, malathion, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dichlorvos) and carbamates (mostly herbicides and fungicides, e.g., aldicarb, carbofuran, ethienocarb, fenobucarb, methomyl) act as acetylcholinesterase (AchE) inhibitors causing disruption of nervous impulse transmission at synaptic level.…”

Section: Environmental Fate and Effects Of Pesticide Residuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pesticides, environment, and food safety

Carvalho

2017

Food and Energy Security

1,317

562

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Agrochemicals have enabled to more than duplicate food production during the last century, and the current need to increase food production to feed a rapid growing human population maintains pressure on the intensive use of pesticides and fertilizers. However, worldwide surveys have documented the contamination and impact of agrochemical residues in soils, and terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems including coastal marine systems, and their toxic effects on humans and nonhuman biota. Although persistent organic chemicals have been phased out and replaced by more biodegradable chemicals, contamination by legacy residues and recent residues still impacts on the quality of human food, water, and environment. Current and future increase in food production must go along with production of food with better quality and with less toxic contaminants. Alternative paths to the intensive use of crop protection chemicals are open, such as genetically engineered organisms, organic farming, change of dietary habits, and development of food technologies. Agro industries need to further develop advanced practices to protect public health, which requires more cautious use of agrochemicals through prior testing, careful risk assessment, and licensing, but also through education of farmers and users in general, measures for better protection of ecosystems, and good practices for sustainable development of agriculture, fisheries, and aquaculture. Enhanced scientific research for new developments in food production and food safety, as well as for environmental protection, is a necessary part of this endeavor. Furthermore, worldwide agreement on good agriculture practices, including development of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and their release for international agriculture, may be urgent to ensure the success of safe food production. 49

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Section: Environmental Fate and Effects Of Pesticide Residuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pesticides, environment, and food safety

Carvalho

2017

Food and Energy Security

1,317

562

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“…Interestingly, almost all chemicals found at North Carolina Superfund sites that were enriched in the ToxCast and Tox21 assays were pesticides. Given a well-known mechanism of pesticide toxicity is via binding to nuclear receptors (Tebourbi et al, 2006), it was not surprising that all of these top-ranking insecticides showed enrichment among assays testing for dysregulation of nuclear receptors. In addition, all of these compounds were scored as being extremely bioavailable, as they are designed to be lipophilic in order to permeate cell membranes and to bioaccumulate (Brooks and Roberts, 1999).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incorporating ToxCast and Tox21 datasets to rank biological activity of chemicals at Superfund sites in North Carolina

Tilley

Reif

Fry

2017

Environment International

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Background The Superfund program of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was established in 1980 to address public health concerns posed by toxic substances released into the environment in the United States. Forty-two of the 1328 hazardous waste sites that remain on the Superfund National Priority List are located in the state of North Carolina. Methods We set out to develop a database that contained information on both the prevalence and biological activity of chemicals present at Superfund sites in North Carolina. A chemical characterization tool, the Toxicological Priority Index (ToxPi), was used to rank the biological activity of these chemicals based on their predicted bioavailability, documented associations with biological pathways, and activity in in vitro assays of the ToxCast and Tox21 programs. Results The ten most prevalent chemicals found at North Carolina Superfund sites were chromium, trichloroethene, lead, tetrachloroethene, arsenic, benzene, manganese, 1,2-dichloroethane, nickel, and barium. For all chemicals found at North Carolina Superfund sites, ToxPi analysis was used to rank their biological activity. Through this data integration, residual pesticides and organic solvents were identified to be some of the most highly-ranking predicted bioactive chemicals. This study provides a novel methodology for creating state or regional databases of Superfund sites. Conclusions These data represent a novel integrated profile of the most prevalent chemicals at North Carolina Superfund sites. This information, and the associated methodology, is useful to toxicologists, risk assessors, and the communities living in close proximity to these sites.

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“…Most of the published review articles (Mrema et al 2013; Gourounti et al 2008; Tebourbi et al 2011) point toward oxidative stress and/or receptor-mediated mechanisms being important determinants, whereas inflammatory and aberrant epigenetic mechanisms caused by pesticide exposure are only in a preliminary stage of development (Alavanja et al 2013). Many of pesticides do not have Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonistic activity, and AhR agonistic pesticides may be small in number compared with pesticides possessing estrogen receptor and/or androgen receptor activities (Takeuchi et al 2006; Takeuchi et al 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental exposure to organochlorine pesticides and deficits in cochlear status in children

Sisto

Moleti

Murínová

et al. 2015

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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The aim of this study was to examine the hypothesis that organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), β-hexachlorocyclohexane (β-HCH), 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane (p,p′-DDT) and its metabolite 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethylene (p,p′-DDE) are ototoxic to humans. A Multivariate General Linear Model was designed, in which the statistical relation between blood serum concentrations of HCB, β-HCH, p,p′-DDT or p,p′-DDE at the different ages (at birth, 6, 16 and 45 months) and the DPOAEs were treated as multivariate outcome variables. PCB congeners and OCPs were strongly correlated in serum of children from our cohort. To ascertain that the association between DPOAEs at a given frequency and concentration of a pesticide is not influenced by PCBs or other OCP also present in serum, we calculated BMCs relating DPOAEs to a serum pesticides alone and in presence of confounding PCB-153 or other OCPs. We found that BMCs relating DPOAEs to serum pesticides are not affected by confounders. DPOAE amplitudes were associated with serum OCPs at all investigated time intervals, however in a positive way with prenatal exposure and in a negative way with all postnatal exposures. We observed tonotopicity in the association of pesticides with amplitude of DPOAEs as its strength was frequency dependent. We conclude that exposure to OCPs in infancy at environmental concentrations may be associated with hearing deficits.

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Molecular Mechanisms of Pesticide Toxicity

Cited by 32 publications

References 195 publications

Pesticides, environment, and food safety

Pesticides, environment, and food safety

Incorporating ToxCast and Tox21 datasets to rank biological activity of chemicals at Superfund sites in North Carolina

Environmental exposure to organochlorine pesticides and deficits in cochlear status in children

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