Molecular Mechanisms of Skin Aging and Rejuvenation

Kim, Miri; Park, Hyun Jeong

doi:10.5772/62983

Cited by 36 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…Acute or repeated sun exposure induces short-term skin damages such as sunburn, characterized by skin erythema. Long-term sunlight exposure to sub-erythemal doses is associated with photo-aging or UV-induced skin cancers [54].…”

Section: Nad+ Status and Skin Agingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Nicotinamide in Genomic Stability and Skin Cancer Chemoprevention

Fania

Mazzanti

Campione

et al. 2019

IJMS

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Nicotinamide (NAM) is an amide form of vitamin B3 and the precursor of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), an essential co-enzyme of redox reactions for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production and for other metabolic processes. As NAD+ status is critical in maintaining cellular energy, vitamin B3 deficiency mainly affects tissues that need high cellular energy causing pellagra and skin sun sensitivity. In animal models, NAD+ deficiency leads to UV sensitivity of the skin, impairs DNA damage response, and increases genomic instability and cancer incidence. Furthermore, NAD+ depletion is associated with human skin aging and cancer. NAM prevents the UV-induced ATP depletion boosting cellular energy and enhances DNA repair activity in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, NAM reduces skin cancer incidence and prevents the immune-suppressive effects of UV in mice. Thus, NAM is involved in the maintenance of genomic stability and may have beneficial effects against skin aging changes and tumor development. Clinical studies showed that topical use of NAM reduces cutaneous aging. Furthermore, oral NAM administration reduces the level of UV-mediated immunosuppression and lowers the rate of non-melanoma skin cancers in high-risk patients. Therefore, NAM replenishment strategy may be a promising approach for skin cancer chemoprevention.

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Section: Nad+ Status and Skin Agingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Nicotinamide in Genomic Stability and Skin Cancer Chemoprevention

Fania

Mazzanti

Campione

et al. 2019

IJMS

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“…However, it is not known why free radical damage does not adversely affect all of the body's cells (e.g., gonadal germ cells) [1]. [226]. ROS: reactive oxygen species, AhR: arylhydrocarbon receptor, NF-kB: nuclear factor kappa-B, IL-1: interleukin-1, TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor, CCN1: cysteine-rich protein 61, MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase, AP-1: activator protein 1, and MMPs: matrix metalloproteinases.…”

Section: The Aging Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skin Aging & Modern Age Anti-aging Strategies

Mohiuddin¹

2019

GJMR

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As the most voluminous organ of the body that is exposed to the outer environment, the skin suffers from both intrinsic and extrinsic aging factors. Skin aging is characterized by features such as wrinkling, loss of elasticity, laxity, and rough-textured appearance. This aging process is accompanied with phenotypic changes in cutaneous cells as well as structural and functional changes in extracellular matrix components such as collagens and elastin. With intrinsic aging, structural changes occur in the skin as a natural consequence of the biological changes over time and produce a certain number of histological, physiological, and biochemical modifications. Intrinsic aging is determined genetically (influence of gender and ethnic group), variable in function of skin site, and also influenced by hormonal changes. Visually it is characterized by fine wrinkles. By comparison, “photoaging” is the term used to describe the changes occurring in the skin, resulting from repetitive exposure to sunlight. The histological, physiological, and biochemical changes in the different layers of the skin are much more drastic. From a mechanical point of view, human skin appears as a layered composite containing the stiff thin cover layer presented by the stratum corneum, below which are the more compliant layers of viable epidermis and dermis and further below the much more compliant adjacent layer of subcutaneous white adipose tissue.

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“…Skin aging can be distinguished in intrinsic or chronological aging and extrinsic or photo-aging, which are superimposed in the sun-exposed area of the body [35,36].…”

Section: Skin Agingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epigenetic Regulation of Skin Cells in Natural Aging and Premature Aging Diseases

Orioli

Dellambra

2018

Cells

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Skin undergoes continuous renewal throughout an individual’s lifetime relying on stem cell functionality. However, a decline of the skin regenerative potential occurs with age. The accumulation of senescent cells over time probably reduces tissue regeneration and contributes to skin aging. Keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts undergo senescence in response to several intrinsic or extrinsic stresses, including telomere shortening, overproduction of reactive oxygen species, diet, and sunlight exposure. Epigenetic mechanisms directly regulate skin homeostasis and regeneration, but they also mark cell senescence and the natural and pathological aging processes. Progeroid syndromes represent a group of clinical and genetically heterogeneous pathologies characterized by the accelerated aging of various tissues and organs, including skin. Skin cells from progeroid patients display molecular hallmarks that mimic those associated with naturally occurring aging. Thus, investigations on progeroid syndromes strongly contribute to disclose the causal mechanisms that underlie the aging process. In the present review, we discuss the role of epigenetic pathways in skin cell regulation during physiologic and premature aging.

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Molecular Mechanisms of Skin Aging and Rejuvenation

Cited by 36 publications

References 96 publications

Role of Nicotinamide in Genomic Stability and Skin Cancer Chemoprevention

Role of Nicotinamide in Genomic Stability and Skin Cancer Chemoprevention

Skin Aging & Modern Age Anti-aging Strategies

Epigenetic Regulation of Skin Cells in Natural Aging and Premature Aging Diseases

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