Molecular Mechanisms of the Interaction Between Nematode-Trapping Fungi and Nematodes: Lessons From Genomics

Tunlid, Anders; Ahrén, Dag

doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-9648-8_6

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…Given their potential use as biological control agents for plant-and animal-parasitic nematodes (2), there is much interest in studying their infection biology. To enter the parasitic stage, nematode-trapping fungi develop a unique morphological structure called traps.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Proteome of the Nematode-Trapping Cells of the Fungus Monacrosporium haptotylum

Andersson

Meerupati

Levander

et al. 2013

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Many nematophagous fungi use morphological structures called traps to capture nematodes by adhesion or mechanically. To better understand the cellular functions of adhesive traps, the trap cell proteome of the fungus Monacrosporium haptotylum was characterized. The trap of M. haptotylum consists of a unicellular structure called a knob that develops at the apex of a hypha. Proteins extracted from knobs and mycelia were analyzed using SDS-PAGE and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS). The peptide sequences were matched against predicted gene models from the recently sequenced M. haptotylum genome. In total, 336 proteins were identified, with 54 expressed at significantly higher levels in the knobs than in the mycelia. The upregulated knob proteins included peptidases, small secreted proteins with unknown functions, and putative cell surface adhesins containing carbohydrate-binding domains, including the WSC domain. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all upregulated WSC domain proteins belonged to a large, expanded cluster of paralogs in M. haptotylum. Several peptidases and homologs of experimentally verified proteins in other pathogenic fungi were also upregulated in the knob proteome. Complementary profiling of gene expression at the transcriptome level showed poor correlation between the upregulation of knob proteins and their corresponding transcripts. We propose that the traps of M. haptotylum contain many of the proteins needed in the early stages of infection and that the trap cells can tightly control the translation and degradation of these proteins to minimize the cost of protein synthesis. N ematode-trapping fungi have the unique ability to capture and infect free-living nematodes (1). Given their potential use as biological control agents for plant-and animal-parasitic nematodes (2), there is much interest in studying their infection biology. To enter the parasitic stage, nematode-trapping fungi develop a unique morphological structure called traps. These traps develop from hyphal branches, either spontaneously or in response to signals from the environment, such as peptides or other compounds released by the host nematode (3). Molecular phylogeny studies have shown that the majority of nematode-trapping fungi belong to a monophyletic group in the order Orbiliales (Ascomycota). Within this clade, the trapping mechanisms have evolved along two major lineages, one leading to species with constricting rings and the other to species with adhesive traps, including three-dimensional networks, knobs, and branches (4-6).Despite large variation in their morphology, adhesive traps share a unique ultrastructure that clearly separates them from vegetative hyphae (3). One feature that is common to all traps is the presence of numerous cytosolic organelles called dense bodies. These organelles have catalase and D-amino acid oxidase activities, which indicates that they are peroxisome-like organelles (3). However, the function of these organelles is not yet fully understood. Another feature of th...

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confidence: 99%

Proteome of the Nematode-Trapping Cells of the Fungus Monacrosporium haptotylum

Andersson

Meerupati

Levander

et al. 2013

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…It has been proposed that AOL, like other lectins, participates in a recognition event during the interaction with the nematodes, even if the exact processes are unknown. This theory is supported by the observation that the AOL family of lectins binds to sugar structures that are typical of animal glycoproteins, such as worms, but not of fungi [40] .…”

Section: Nutrient Digestion and Storagementioning

confidence: 89%

“…Nematophagous fungi need to break through the worm cuticle in order to infect nematodes. Collagenases in particular have been identified as critical enzymes in the pathogenicity of nematophagous fungi [40,41] .…”

Section: Collagenasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of nematophagous fungi, isolation techniques, and their role in biological control of helminthic parasites: A literature review

Berhanu,

Gebeyaw,

Kefale

et al. 2024

Acta Entomol. Zool.

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Nematophagous fungi are natural predators of soil-dwelling nematodes and can detect and respond to their prey's ascarosides pheromones. They can be endoparasitic, nematode-trapping, egg-parasitic, or toxin-producing depending on how they attack worms. They are found throughout the world in a wide range of habitats and climates, but few are from extreme environments. They are mostly concentrated in the upper part of the soil, in pastures, leaf litter, mangroves, and certain shallow aquatic habitats. They use methods including non-constricting loops, adhesive hyphal strands, adhesive knobs, adhesive nets made of hyphal threads, and hyphae loops that tighten around caught worms. There are numerous advantages for the ecology and economy that come from nematophagous fungi in the soil. They help promote the cycling of nutrients and stabilize soil ecosystems. They are also used to protect plants and animals from nematode disease and avoid drug resistance. However, there is no comprehensive review assessing the above roles and, therefore, this review intended to assess the general overview of nematophagous fungi, their agroecology, isolation and identification, and their role in biological control of helminthic parasites.

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“…For instance, the interaction between NTF and nematodes relies on processes such as host recognition, generation of trapping structures, invasion and digestion of nematode, etc. These processes are more or less dependent on the transmission of extracellular signaling factors [45][46][47]. However, in aquatic environments, these extracellular signaling molecules are likely to be diluted and lose their corresponding functions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multilocus Phylogeny and Characterization of Five Undescribed Aquatic Carnivorous Fungi (Orbiliomycetes)

Zhang,

Yang,

Zhou

et al. 2024

JoF

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The diversity of nematode-trapping fungi (NTF) holds significant theoretical and practical implications in the study of adaptive evolution and the bio-control of harmful nematodes. However, compared to terrestrial ecosystems, research on aquatic NTF is still in its early stages. During a survey of NTF in six watersheds in Yunnan Province, China, we isolated 10 taxa from freshwater sediment. Subsequent identification based on morphological and multigene (ITS, TEF1-α, and RPB2) phylogenetic analyses inferred they belong to five new species within Arthrobotrys. This paper provides a detailed description of these five novel species (Arthrobotrys cibiensis, A. heihuiensis, A. jinshaensis, A. yangbiensis, and A. yangjiangensis), contributing novel insights for further research into the diversity of NTF and providing new material for the biological control of aquatic harmful nematodes. Additionally, future research directions concerning aquatic NTF are also discussed.

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Molecular Mechanisms of the Interaction Between Nematode-Trapping Fungi and Nematodes: Lessons From Genomics

Cited by 13 publications

References 90 publications

Proteome of the Nematode-Trapping Cells of the Fungus Monacrosporium haptotylum

Proteome of the Nematode-Trapping Cells of the Fungus Monacrosporium haptotylum

Overview of nematophagous fungi, isolation techniques, and their role in biological control of helminthic parasites: A literature review

Multilocus Phylogeny and Characterization of Five Undescribed Aquatic Carnivorous Fungi (Orbiliomycetes)

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