Molecular Mechanisms of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle-Induced Genotoxicity

Scherzad, Agmal; Meyer, Tyler; Kleinsasser, Norbert; Hackenberg, Stephan

doi:10.3390/ma10121427

Cited by 80 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…As mentioned above, the widespread use of nZnO in cosmetic and consumer products, food additives, solar cells and medical textiles have raised concern about their toxicity to humans and animals [29,32,[116][117][118][119][120][121]. The extensive utilization of nZnO results in its exposure to the human body, rendering the need for the assessment of cytotoxicity.…”

Section: Cytotoxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, ZnO NPs are taken-up by mammalian cells through the penetration, internalization of nanoparticles and diffusion of Zn 2+ ions across cell membranes [50,117,[122][123][124][125][126]. Nano-ZnO particles can easily penetrate cell membrane into cytoplasm, generating ROS that disrupt the functions of mitochondria, proteins and DNA molecules.…”

Section: Cytotoxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Very recently, Zhang et al demonstrated that ZnO NPs can induce autophagy, thereby enhancing the dissolution of ZnO NPs in lysosomes for releasing Zn 2+ ions [125]. The cytotoxicity derives from the cellular uptake of ZnO NPs and extracellular Zn 2+ ions, and intracellular Zn 2+ ions due to lysosomal dissolution is depicted in Figure 17 [117].…”

Section: Cytotoxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Schematic illustration showing cytotoxicity induced by zinc oxide nanoparticles, and zinc ions due to the dissolution of ZnO NPs extracellularly or intracellularly. Reproduced from[117] under the Creative Commons Attribution license.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Interactions of Zinc Oxide Nanostructures with Mammalian Cells: Cytotoxicity and Photocatalytic Toxicity

Liao

Jin

et al. 2020

IJMS

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This article presents a state-of-the-art review and analysis of literature studies on the morphological structure, fabrication, cytotoxicity, and photocatalytic toxicity of zinc oxide nanostructures (nZnO) of mammalian cells. nZnO with different morphologies, e.g., quantum dots, nanoparticles, nanorods, and nanotetrapods are toxic to a wide variety of mammalian cell lines due to in vitro cell–material interactions. Several mechanisms responsible for in vitro cytotoxicity have been proposed. These include the penetration of nZnO into the cytoplasm, generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) that degrade mitochondrial function, induce endoplasmic reticulum stress, and damage deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), lipid, and protein molecules. Otherwise, nZnO dissolve extracellularly into zinc ions and the subsequent diffusion of ions into the cytoplasm can create ROS. Furthermore, internalization of nZnO and localization in acidic lysosomes result in their dissolution into zinc ions, producing ROS too in cytoplasm. These ROS-mediated responses induce caspase-dependent apoptosis via the activation of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2), Bcl2-associated X protein (Bax), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (chop), and phosphoprotein p53 gene expressions. In vivo studies on a mouse model reveal the adverse impacts of nZnO on internal organs through different administration routes. The administration of ZnO nanoparticles into mice via intraperitoneal instillation and intravenous injection facilitates their accumulation in target organs, such as the liver, spleen, and lung. ZnO is a semiconductor with a large bandgap showing photocatalytic behavior under ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation. As such, photogenerated electron–hole pairs react with adsorbed oxygen and water molecules to produce ROS. So, the ROS-mediated selective killing for human tumor cells is beneficial for cancer treatment in photodynamic therapy. The photoinduced effects of noble metal doped nZnO for creating ROS under UV and visible light for killing cancer cells are also addressed.

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Section: Cytotoxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cytotoxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cytotoxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interactions of Zinc Oxide Nanostructures with Mammalian Cells: Cytotoxicity and Photocatalytic Toxicity

Liao

Jin

et al. 2020

IJMS

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“…Various operational factors, such as the effect of size, morphologies, compositions, and their respective working mechanisms, along with the selectivity, sensitivity, detection limit, and stability are discussed in this article. Scherzad et al [ 6 ] in their review article summarize the existing data regarding the DNA damage that ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) induce, and focus on the possible molecular mechanisms underlying genotoxic events. Wang et al [ 7 ] present a review on three-dimensional (3D) ZnO hierarchical nanostructures, and summarize major advances in solution phase synthesis and applications in the environment and electrical/electrochemical devices.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Special Issue: Zinc Oxide Nanostructures: Synthesis and Characterization

Baskoutas

2018

Materials

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Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a wide band gap semiconductor with an energy gap of 3.37 eV at room temperature. It has been used considerably for its catalytic, electrical, optoelectronic, and photochemical properties. ZnO nanomaterials, such as quantum dots, nanorods, and nanowires, have been intensively investigated for their important properties. Many methods have been described in the literature for the production of ZnO nanostructures, such as laser ablation, hydrothermal methods, electrochemical deposition, sol–gel methods, Chemical Vapour Deposition, molecular beam epitaxy, the common thermal evaporation method, and the soft chemical solution method. The present Special Issue is devoted to the Synthesis and Characterization of ZnO nanostructures with novel technological applications.

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Safety Assessment of Nanomaterials to Eyes: An Important but Neglected Issue

et al. 2019

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The production and application of nanomaterials have grown tremendously during last few decades. The widespread exposure of nanoparticles to the public is provoking great concerns regarding their toxicity to the human body. However, in comparison with the extensive studies carried out to examine nanoparticle toxicity to the human body/organs, one especially vulnerable organ, the eye, is always neglected. Although it is a small part of the body, 90% of outside information is obtained via the ocular system. In addition, eyes usually directly interact with the surrounding environment, which may get severer damage from toxic nanoparticles compared to inner organs. Therefore, the study of assessing the potential nanoparticle toxicity to the eyes is of great importance. Here, the recent advance of some representative manufactured nanomaterials on ocular toxicity is summarized. First, a brief introduction of ocular anatomy and disorders related to particulate matter exposure is presented. Following, the factors that may influence toxicity of nanoparticles to the eye are emphasized. Next, the studies of representative manufactured nanoparticles on eye toxicity are summarized and classified. Finally, the limitations that are associated with current nanoparticle‐eye toxicity research are proposed.

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Molecular Mechanisms of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle-Induced Genotoxicity

Cited by 80 publications

References 95 publications

Interactions of Zinc Oxide Nanostructures with Mammalian Cells: Cytotoxicity and Photocatalytic Toxicity

Interactions of Zinc Oxide Nanostructures with Mammalian Cells: Cytotoxicity and Photocatalytic Toxicity

Special Issue: Zinc Oxide Nanostructures: Synthesis and Characterization

Safety Assessment of Nanomaterials to Eyes: An Important but Neglected Issue

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