Molecular mechanisms underlying leaf development, morphological diversification, and beyond

Nakayama, Hokuto; Leichty, Aaron R.; Sinha, Neelima

doi:10.1093/plcell/koac118

Cited by 25 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 148 publications

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“…The growth of organs is due to processes of cell proliferation and cell enlargement. Leaves differentiate from the borders of the shoot apical meristem as a group of cells that undergo active proliferation and progressively enter into a growth phase in which cell division is arrested while DNA replication persists [ 45 , 46 ]. This process, known as endoreplication, increases the ploidy level of cells, which is usually related to their size [ 45 , 47 ].…”

Section: Biological Processes Modulated By Class I Tcpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological Roles and Mechanisms of Action of Class I TCP Transcription Factors

Viola

Alem

Jure

et al. 2023

IJMS

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TEOSINTE BRANCHED1, CYCLOIDEA, PROLIFERATING CELL FACTOR 1 and 2 (TCP) proteins constitute a plant-specific transcription factors family exerting effects on multiple aspects of plant development, such as germination, embryogenesis, leaf and flower morphogenesis, and pollen development, through the recruitment of other factors and the modulation of different hormonal pathways. They are divided into two main classes, I and II. This review focuses on the function and regulation of class I TCP proteins (TCPs). We describe the role of class I TCPs in cell growth and proliferation and summarize recent progresses in understanding the function of class I TCPs in diverse developmental processes, defense, and abiotic stress responses. In addition, their function in redox signaling and the interplay between class I TCPs and proteins involved in immunity and transcriptional and posttranslational regulation is discussed.

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Section: Biological Processes Modulated By Class I Tcpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological Roles and Mechanisms of Action of Class I TCP Transcription Factors

Viola

Alem

Jure

et al. 2023

IJMS

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“…Development of simple leaves in angiosperms (recently reviewed by Tsukaya, 2021;Nakayama et al, 2022) starts by downregulation of C1KNOX, upregulation and ad/abaxial polarization of ARP, C3HDZ, YABBY and KANADI expression; the last three of which in turn upregulate WOX3 and WOX1 that stepwise establish the marginal and plate meristems. The regulatory apomorphies of angiosperms (relevant to the scope of this review) are the strictly polar confinement of the expression of adaxial and abaxial determinants and the WOX1-regulated plate meristem.…”

Section: Diversification In the Regulation Of Leaf Meristems Is The I...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, much variation in leaf structure, development and regulation exists within angiosperms. For leaf anatomy and development in eudicots and monocots with different morphologies, the reader is referred to Esau (1965) and Steeves and Sussex (1989) and for the diversity of regulation to Tsukaya (2018) and Nakayama et al (2022). Due to the continuous update of transcriptomics data in public databases, we have added new homologs of the transcription factors under discussion (Supplementary Figures 1-4, Supplementary…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

All together now: Cellular and molecular aspects of leaf development in lycophytes, ferns, and seed plants

et al. 2023

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Recent advances in plant developmental genetics together with rapid accumulation of transcriptomic data on plants from divergent lineages provide an exciting opportunity to explore the evolution of plant morphology. To understand leaf origin in sporophytes of land plants, we have combined the available molecular and structural data on development of leaves with different morphologies in different plant lineages: clubmosses, spikemosses, leptosporangiate ferns, ophioglossioid ferns, marattioid ferns, whisk ferns, horsetails, and conifers. Specifically, we address the peculiarities of proximo-distal, ad/abaxial, and lateral development; presence/absence of mesophyll differentiation into palisade and spongy parenchyma; and type of leaf vascular bundles (collateral and bicollateral). Furthermore, taxon-specific and morphology-specific features of leaf development are considered in the context of the organization of shoot apical meristems (SAMs)—monoplex, simplex, or duplex—that produce leaf primordia. The data available imply that cellular patterns of leaf initiation correlate strongly with the structure of the SAMs but not with further leaf development or morphology. The later stages of leaf development are neither correlated with SAM structure nor with taxonomy. Occurrence and, if available, patterns of expression of homologs of the angiosperm genes responsible for the development of adaxial (ARP and C3HDZ) and abaxial (YABBY and KANADI) leaf domains, or establishment of the leaf marginal meristem (WOX) are discussed. We show that there is no correlation in the set of homologs of TFs that regulate abaxial and adaxial leaf domain development between leaves containing only spongy and no palisade mesophyll (of spikemosses, clubmosses, whisk ferns, horsetails, and most conifers), and leaves differentiated into palisade and spongy mesophyll (of leptosporangiate ferns, Ginkgo, Gnetum, and angiosperms). Expression of three out of four regulators of leaf development in primordia of both leaves and sporangia—C3HDZ in spikemosses and whisk ferns, YABBY in clubmosses and KANADI in spikemosses and horsetails—indicates that a sporangium developmental program could have been co-opted as a “precursor program” for the origin of microphylls and euphylls. Additionally, expression of leaf development regulators in SAMs of spikemosses (ARP, C3HDZ, and KANADI), clubmosses (YABBY), leptosporangiate ferns (C3HDZ), and horsetails (C3HDZ and KANADI) indicates that at least some mechanisms of SAM regulation were co-opted as well in the pre-program of leaf precursors.

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“…The adaxial and abaxial domains of the leaf are set up early in the leaf development. The establishment of leaf polarity has been well studied in model plants such as A. thaliana , but only an outline of the findings is given here because several other reviews have covered this topic [ 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 ]. The leaves start to develop from primordia on the periphery of the shoot apical meristem (SAM), which includes a group of stem cells.…”

Section: Adaxial–abaxial Leaf Patterning and The Pulvinusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanics of Reversible Deformation during Leaf Movement and Regulation of Pulvinus Development in Legumes

Nakata

Takahara²

2022

IJMS

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Plant cell deformation is a mechanical process that is driven by differences in the osmotic pressure inside and outside of the cell and is influenced by cell wall properties. Legume leaf movements result from reversible deformation of pulvinar motor cells. Reversible cell deformation is an elastic process distinct from the irreversible cell growth of developing organs. Here, we begin with a review of the basic mathematics of cell volume changes, cell wall function, and the mechanics of bending deformation at a macro scale. Next, we summarize the findings of recent molecular genetic studies of pulvinar development. We then review the mechanisms of the adaxial/abaxial patterning because pulvinar bending deformation depends on the differences in mechanical properties and physiological responses of motor cells on the adaxial versus abaxial sides of the pulvinus. Intriguingly, pulvini simultaneously encompass morphological symmetry and functional asymmetry along the adaxial/abaxial axis. This review provides an introduction to leaf movement and reversible deformation from the perspective of mechanics and molecular genetics.

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Molecular mechanisms underlying leaf development, morphological diversification, and beyond

Cited by 25 publications

References 148 publications

Physiological Roles and Mechanisms of Action of Class I TCP Transcription Factors

Physiological Roles and Mechanisms of Action of Class I TCP Transcription Factors

All together now: Cellular and molecular aspects of leaf development in lycophytes, ferns, and seed plants

Mechanics of Reversible Deformation during Leaf Movement and Regulation of Pulvinus Development in Legumes

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