Molecular mechanisms underlying the physiological responses of the cold-water coral Desmophyllum dianthus to ocean acidification

Carreiro‐Silva, Marina; Cerqueira, T.; Godinho, Antonio Francisco; Caetano, Miguel; Santos, Ricardo S.; Bettencourt, Raúl

doi:10.1007/s00338-014-1129-2

Cited by 50 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…These results contrast with what has been found so far in other long-term experiments where there has not been a significant negative response in calcification for L. pertusa (Form and Riebesell, 2012;Maier et al, 2013;Movilla et al, 2014;Hennige et al, 2015) and for other cold-water coral species (Carreiro-Silva et al, 2014;Rodolfo-Metalpa et al, 2015;Gori et al, 2016). However, the majority of the studies performed in cold-water corals to date have used pH levels that still yielded ar saturation states at or near 1.…”

Section: Long-term Calcification Responsecontrasting

confidence: 87%

“…It is plausible that the role of the isoform of αCA found in corals (Bertucci et al, 2013), is to regulate the build-up of H + ions that result from the hydration of CO 2 to HCO 3− in order to avoid internal acidosis. This has been suggested for the scleractinians Stylophora pistillata (Moya et al, 2008), and the cold water coral Desmophyllum dianthus (Carreiro-Silva et al, 2014), where an over-expression of the genes that encode for CA was found when high levels of H + were present in the internal compartments of the cells.…”

Section: Carbonic Anhydrase Activity and Calcificationmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…However, increased food supply did not confer an increased resilience to lower pH in Madrepora oculata from the Mediterranean Sea (Maier et al, 2016). It is also possible that certain genotypes are more resilient to low-pH stress via mechanisms not yet understood, but plausibly related to the up-regulation of the calcification pathway or certain stress genes and pathways (Carreiro-Silva et al, 2014) that warrant further investigation. The finding of a variable response of L. pertusa genotypes to the undersaturated treatment reflects the disparate results from the literature.…”

Section: Short-term Calcification Responsementioning

confidence: 85%

“…Maier et al (2013) and Movilla et al (2014) in different experiments with L. pertusa and M. oculata, did not find any significant difference in net calcification after 9 and 6 month experiments respectively, however, all of the treatments in those studies were saturated with respect to aragonite ( ar >1). Likewise, Carreiro-Silva et al (2014) performed a long-term experiment (8 months) on the cold-water coral Desmophylum diantus subjected to two levels of pH that simulated ambient (pH 8) and acidified conditions (pH 7.7) and found no significant differences in average net calcification, however their experiment were never subjected to undersaturation for aragonite. In this study, none of the L. pertusa genotypes examined were capable of maintaining positive net calcification beyond 90 days in undersaturated conditions.…”

Section: Long-term Calcification Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

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Intra-Specific Variation Reveals Potential for Adaptation to Ocean Acidification in a Cold-Water Coral from the Gulf of Mexico

et al. 2017

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Ocean acidification, the decrease in seawater pH due to the absorption of atmospheric CO 2 , profoundly threatens the survival of a large number of marine species. Cold-water corals are considered to be among the most vulnerable organisms to ocean acidification because they are already exposed to relatively low pH and corresponding low calcium carbonate saturation states ( ). Lophelia pertusa is a globally distributed cold-water scleractinian coral that provides critical three-dimensional habitat for many ecologically and economically significant species. In this study, four different genotypes of L. pertusa were exposed to three pH treatments (pH = 7.60, 7.75, and 7.90) over a short (2-week) experimental period, and six genotypes were exposed to two pH treatments (pH = 7.60 and 7.90) over a long (6-month) experimental period. Their physiological response was measured as net calcification rate and the activity of carbonic anhydrase, a key enzyme in the calcification pathway. In the short-term experiment, net calcification rates did not significantly change with pH, although they were highly variable in the low pH treatment, including some genotypes that maintained positive net calcification in undersaturated conditions. In the 6-month experiment, average net calcification was significantly reduced at low pH, with corals exhibiting net dissolution of skeleton. However, one of the same genotypes that maintained positive net calcification (+0.04% day −1 ) under the low pH treatment in the short-term experiment also maintained positive net calcification longer than the other genotypes in the long-term experiment, although none of the corals maintained positive calcification for the entire 6 months. Average carbonic anhydrase activity was not affected by pH, although some genotypes exhibited small, insignificant, increases in activity after the sixth month. Our results suggest that while net calcification in L. pertusa is adversely affected by ocean acidification in the long term, it is possible that some genotypes may prove to be more resilient than others, particularly to short perturbations of the carbonate system. These results provide evidence that populations of L. pertusa in the Gulf of Mexico may contain the genetic variability necessary to support an adaptive response to future ocean acidification.

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Section: Long-term Calcification Responsecontrasting

confidence: 87%

Section: Carbonic Anhydrase Activity and Calcificationmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Short-term Calcification Responsementioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Long-term Calcification Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Intra-Specific Variation Reveals Potential for Adaptation to Ocean Acidification in a Cold-Water Coral from the Gulf of Mexico

et al. 2017

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“…Because of the dependence on a few species and their relatively slow growth, it had initially been postulated that CWC ecosystems would be even more sensitive to ocean acidification than tropical reefs and that the shoaling of the ASH will thus be a major threat to deep-sea CWCs in the near future (Turley et al, 2007). However, a number of studies have since revealed that CWCs can maintain constant skeletal growth over a large CO 2 partial pressure ( pCO 2 ) range, with levels as high as 1000 µatm (Carreiro-Silva et al, 2014;Hennige et al, 2014;Maier et al, 2013b;Movilla et al, 2014), and still maintain positive skeletal growth at a saturation state for aragonite (Ω a ) slightly below 1 (Form and Riebesell, 2012;Hennige et al, 2015;Jantzen et al, 2013;Maier et al, 2009;Thresher et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of elevated pCO2 and feeding on net calcification and energy budget of the Mediterranean cold-water coral Madrepora oculata

Maier

Popp

Sollfrank

et al. 2016

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Ocean acidification is a major threat to calcifying marine organisms such as deep-sea cold-water corals (CWCs), but related knowledge is scarce. The aragonite saturation threshold (Ω a ) for calcification, respiration and organic matter fluxes were investigated experimentally in the Mediterranean Madrepora oculata. Over 10 weeks, colonies were maintained under two feeding regimes (uptake of 36.75 and 7.46 µmol C polyp) and exposed in 2 week intervals to a consecutively changing air-CO 2 mix ( pCO 2 ) of 400, 1600, 800, 2000 and 400 ppm. There was a significant effect of feeding on calcification at initial ambient pCO 2 , while with consecutive pCO 2 treatments, feeding had no effect on calcification. Respiration was not significantly affected by feeding or pCO 2 levels. Coral skeletons started to dissolve at an average Ω a threshold of 0.92, but recovered and started to calcify again at Ω a ≥1. The surplus energy required to counteract dissolution at elevated pCO 2 (≥1600 µatm) was twice that at ambient pCO 2 . Yet, feeding had no mitigating effect at increasing pCO 2 levels. This could be due to the fact that the energy required for calcification is a small fraction (1-3%) of the total metabolic energy demand and corals even under low food conditions might therefore still be able to allocate this small portion of energy to calcification. The response and resistance to ocean acidification are consequently not controlled by feeding in this species, but more likely by chemical reactions at the site of calcification and exchange processes between the calicoblastic layer and ambient seawater.

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Molecular and geochemical perspectives on the influence of CO₂ on calcification in coral cell cultures

Drake

Schaller

Mass

et al. 2017

Limnology & Oceanography

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Understanding the cellular and molecular responses of stony corals to ocean acidification is key to predicting their ability to calcify under projected high CO 2 conditions. Of specific interest are the links between biomineralization proteins and the precipitation of new calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ), which potentially can provide a better understanding of the biomineralization process. We have assessed the effects of increased CO 2 on the calcification process in cell cultures of the stony coral, Stylophora pistillata, reared in nutrientenriched artificial seawater at four pCO 2 levels and two glucose concentrations. Dispersed S. pistillata cells grown at low (400 ppmV) and moderate (700 ppmV) pCO 2 re-aggregate into proto-polyps and precipitate CaCO 3 . When grown at pCO 2 levels of 1000 ppmV and 2000 ppmV, the cells up-regulate genes for two highly acidic proteins as well as a carbonic anhydrase, but down-regulate long term cadherin protein production and minimize proto-polyp formation, and exhibit a significant decrease in measurable CaCO 3 precipitation. However, cell cultures precipitate CaCO 3 in all treatments, even at slightly undersaturated conditions (X aragonite < 0.95). Glucose addition does not influence either biomineralization gene expression or calcification rate. Measured d 11B of the mineral phase, as a proxy of the pH at the calcifying sites, is out of equilibrium with the ambient seawater medium surrounding the cells and proto-polyps, suggesting pH is elevated in the micro-environment of the precipitating mineral. Our results suggest that coral cells possess molecular mechanisms to help compensate for the effects of ocean acidification within the bounds projected in the coming century.

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Molecular mechanisms underlying the physiological responses of the cold-water coral Desmophyllum dianthus to ocean acidification

Cited by 50 publications

References 57 publications

Intra-Specific Variation Reveals Potential for Adaptation to Ocean Acidification in a Cold-Water Coral from the Gulf of Mexico

Intra-Specific Variation Reveals Potential for Adaptation to Ocean Acidification in a Cold-Water Coral from the Gulf of Mexico

Effects of elevated pCO2 and feeding on net calcification and energy budget of the Mediterranean cold-water coral Madrepora oculata

Molecular and geochemical perspectives on the influence of CO₂ on calcification in coral cell cultures

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Molecular mechanisms underlying the physiological responses of the cold-water coral Desmophyllum dianthus to ocean acidification

Cited by 50 publications

References 57 publications

Intra-Specific Variation Reveals Potential for Adaptation to Ocean Acidification in a Cold-Water Coral from the Gulf of Mexico

Intra-Specific Variation Reveals Potential for Adaptation to Ocean Acidification in a Cold-Water Coral from the Gulf of Mexico

Effects of elevated pCO2 and feeding on net calcification and energy budget of the Mediterranean cold-water coral Madrepora oculata

Molecular and geochemical perspectives on the influence of CO2 on calcification in coral cell cultures

Contact Info

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Resources

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Molecular and geochemical perspectives on the influence of CO₂ on calcification in coral cell cultures