Molecular ontogenesis of digestive capability and associated endocrine control in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) larvae

Kortner, Trond M.; Overrein, Ingrid; Øie, Gunvor; Bardal, Tora; Wold, Per-Arvid; Arukwe, Augustine

doi:10.1016/j.cbpa.2011.05.033

Cited by 51 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…33 dpff), which is the same pattern found for trypsin by Kortner et al (2011b). On the transcriptional level, an increased mRNA expression for trypsin until 17 days post-hatch was observed by these authors, followed by a continuous decline thereafter.…”

Section: Ontogenysupporting

confidence: 60%

“…On the transcriptional level, an increased mRNA expression for trypsin until 17 days post-hatch was observed by these authors, followed by a continuous decline thereafter. This discrepancy between gene expression and enzyme activity could be contributed to a post-transcriptional hormonal control or to a developing acidic digestion due to a developing stomach towards metamorphosis (Kortner et al, 2011b). In the earlier case, CCK levels between 0.5 -1.0 fmol larva -1 found for larval cod of comparable age (to 17 dph in Kortner et al, 2011b) in the present study might be the threshold for the regulatory role of CCK in larval cod.…”

Section: Ontogenymentioning

confidence: 77%

“…This discrepancy between gene expression and enzyme activity could be contributed to a post-transcriptional hormonal control or to a developing acidic digestion due to a developing stomach towards metamorphosis (Kortner et al, 2011b). In the earlier case, CCK levels between 0.5 -1.0 fmol larva -1 found for larval cod of comparable age (to 17 dph in Kortner et al, 2011b) in the present study might be the threshold for the regulatory role of CCK in larval cod. In general, the developmental pattern of different digestive enzymes has been described in several species, including California halibut (Paralichthys californicus) (AlvarezGonzález et al, 2005), sea bass (Cahu and Zambonino Infante, 1994), cobia (Rachycentron canadum) (Faulk et al, 2007), red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) (Lazo et al, 2000a) and Atlantic cod (Wold et al, 2007) and has been found to be speciesspecific.…”

Section: Ontogenymentioning

confidence: 77%

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Hormonal control of tryptic enzyme activity in Atlantic cod larvae (Gadus morhua): Involvement of cholecystokinin during ontogeny and diurnal rhythm

et al. 2013

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Please cite this article as: Tillner, Robert, Rønnestad, Ivar, Harboe, Torstein, Ueberschär, Bernd, Hormonal control of tryptic enzyme activity in Atlantic cod larvae (Gadus morhua): Involvement of cholecystokinin during ontogeny and diurnal rhythm, Aquaculture (2013Aquaculture ( ), doi: 10.1016Aquaculture ( /j.aquaculture.2013 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.A C C E P T E D M A N U S C R I P T ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT AbstractThe ontogenetic development of the gut hormone cholecystokinin (CCK) and the key proteolytic enzyme trypsin was described in Atlantic cod larvae (Gadus morhua) from first-feeding until 38 days post first-feeding (dpff). CCK is known to play a major role in the endocrine control of digestive processes in mammals and adult fish, but its regulatory role in the larval stages of marine fish is largely unknown. Only small amounts of CCK were found in the body (excluding head) in cod larvae at first-feeding, but CCK levels increased exponentially with development, suggesting a more pronounced role of CCK during ontogeny. Tryptic enzyme activity increased slightly until a standard length of ca. 8 mm (approx. 33 days dpff) with a significant increase in larvae larger than 8 mm standard length, indicating limited digestive capacity in the early stages. To entangle the short-term feedback mechanism between CCK and tryptic enzyme activity, we conducted a 12 hour feeding experiment at 21 dpff. Cod larvae receiving only algae revealed a noticeable response in tryptic enzyme activity within two hours in the morning, whereas larvae fed algae and rotifers at the same time showed a slightly delayed response up to four hours. Tryptic enzyme activity remained low in the group receiving only algae as well as the two fed groups in the afternoon. No reaction in tryptic enzyme activity was observed in larvae that received a second meal of rotifers in the afternoon, indicating limited regulatory and digestive capacity to handle several meals in a short period. CCK levels remained relatively constant throughout the day but increased in the afternoon in all three groups when tryptic enzyme activity was low, suggesting that a negative feedback mechanism between CCK and tryptic enzyme activity is present in larval cod at least from 21 dpff.

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Section: Ontogenysupporting

confidence: 60%

Section: Ontogenymentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Ontogenymentioning

confidence: 77%

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Hormonal control of tryptic enzyme activity in Atlantic cod larvae (Gadus morhua): Involvement of cholecystokinin during ontogeny and diurnal rhythm

et al. 2013

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“…CCK cells were present in all the larvae examined from the day of hatching onward in ayu Plecoglossus altivelis (Kamisaka et al 2003) and Atlantic herring (Kamisaka et al 2005). In Atlantic cod Gadus morhua, the CCK mRNA levels showed a moderate but consistent decrease from 3 to 60 dph by real-time quantitative PCR detection (Kortner et al 2011). In the present study, the CCK mRNA expression level of grass carp larvae also decreased after hatching.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Molecular characterization of cholecystokinin in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus): cloning, localization, developmental profile, and effect of fasting and refeeding on expression in the brain and intestine

Feng

Zhang

Wei

et al. 2012

Fish Physiol Biochem

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Cholecystokinin (CCK) is a multi-functional brain-gut peptide in fish and mammals. To investigate the role of CCK in appetite regulation in fish, a 770-bp full-length cDNA sequence of CCK gene was obtained by RT-PCR and rapid amplification of cDNA ends methods in grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idellus. Homology analysis showed that the CCK cDNA sequence of grass carp had the highest similarity (90 %) to that of goldfish Carassius auratus and a higher similarity (>70 %) to those of other teleosts than to mammals. The PCR amplification using genomic DNA identified that the CCK gene of grass carp was comprised of three exons and two introns. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect CCK mRNA expression in adult tissues. High levels of gene expression were found in the hypothalamus and pituitary; moderate levels in the intestine, muscle and white adipose tissue; and low levels in other tissues. During early development (i.e., fertilized eggs to 35-day post-hatching larvae) the levels of CCK mRNA expression were higher during embryonic developmental stages than during post-hatch larval stages. Fasting decreased CCK mRNA expression levels in the brain and intestine, whereas refeeding resulted in an increase of expression. The results suggest that CCK mRNA expression has obvious tissue specificity and may have a role in feed intake regulation in grass carp.

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“…The gastric tract can roughly be divided into three regions at first exogenous feeding; fore-gut, mid-gut, and hind-gut. The pancreatic enzymes and bile are present at first-feeding in Atlantic halibut as well as cod (Gawlicka et al, 2000;Kortner et al, 2011;Saele et al, 2011;. Cones are present in the eye at hatching, but rods appear at metamorphosis (Valen, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ossification of Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua ) – Developmental stages revisited

Sæle¹,

Haugen

Karlsen

et al. 2017

Aquaculture

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Molecular ontogenesis of digestive capability and associated endocrine control in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) larvae

Cited by 51 publications

References 72 publications

Hormonal control of tryptic enzyme activity in Atlantic cod larvae (Gadus morhua): Involvement of cholecystokinin during ontogeny and diurnal rhythm

Hormonal control of tryptic enzyme activity in Atlantic cod larvae (Gadus morhua): Involvement of cholecystokinin during ontogeny and diurnal rhythm

Molecular characterization of cholecystokinin in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus): cloning, localization, developmental profile, and effect of fasting and refeeding on expression in the brain and intestine

Ossification of Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua ) – Developmental stages revisited

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