Molecular organization of a type of peripheral glutamate synapse: the afferent synapses of hair cells in the inner ear

Ottersen, Ole Petter; Takumi, Yutaka; Matsubara, Atsushi; Landsend, Alf S.; Laake, Jon Henrik; Usami, Shin‐ichi

doi:10.1016/s0301-0082(97)00054-3

Cited by 105 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 155 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Much weaker DsRed fluorescence was observed in Deiters' cells beneath outer hair cells (OHCs), in accordance with the GLAST immunoreactivity exhibited by Deiters' cells (Furness et al, 2002). D-Aspartate elicited small inward currents in Deiters' cells (data not shown), supporting the hypothesis that outer hair cells secrete glutamate as a neurotransmitter (Ottersen et al, 1998). In addition, satellite cells in the spiral ganglion and cells within the spiral ligament and spiral limbus also expressed DsRed (Fig.…”

Section: Glast Promoter Activity Is Elevated In Ipcssupporting

confidence: 77%

The Glutamate–Aspartate Transporter GLAST Mediates Glutamate Uptake at Inner Hair Cell Afferent Synapses in the Mammalian Cochlea

et al. 2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Section: Glast Promoter Activity Is Elevated In Ipcssupporting

confidence: 77%

The Glutamate–Aspartate Transporter GLAST Mediates Glutamate Uptake at Inner Hair Cell Afferent Synapses in the Mammalian Cochlea

et al. 2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…GLAST is densely packed in the supporting cells that surround the IHC (Furness and Lawton 2003;Rebillard et al 2003). Several other studies looking at various aspects of synaptic transmission also conclude that GLAST is the major transporter in cochlear afferent transmission (Furness and Lawton 2003;Glowatzki et al 2006;Hakuba et al 2000;Ottersen et al 1998;Rebillard et al 2003).…”

Section: Pharmacologymentioning

confidence: 94%

Functional Roles of High-Affinity Glutamate Transporters in Cochlear Afferent Synaptic Transmission in the Mouse

Chen

Kujawa

Sewell

2010

Journal of Neurophysiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Chen Z, Kujawa SG, Sewell WF. Functional roles of highaffinity glutamate transporters in cochlear afferent synaptic transmission in the mouse. J Neurophysiol 103: 2581-2586, 2010. First published March 10, 2010 doi:10.1152/jn.00018.2010. In the cochlea, afferent transmission between inner hair cells and auditory neurons is mediated by glutamate receptors. Glutamate transporters located near the synapse and in spiral ganglion neurons are thought to maintain low synaptic levels of glutamate. We analyzed three glutamate transporter blockers for their ability to alter the effects of glutamate, exogenously applied to the synapse via perfusion of the scala tympani of the mouse, and compared that action to their ability to alter the effects of intense acoustic stimulation. Threo-beta-benzyloxyaspartate (TBOA) is a broad-spectrum glutamate transporter antagonist, affecting all three transporters [glutamate/aspartate transporter (GLAST), glutamate transporter-1 (GLT1), and excitatory amino acid carrier 1 (EAAC1)]. L-serine-O-sulfate (SOS) blocks both GLAST and EAAC1 without effect on GLT1. Dihydrokainate (DHK) is selective for GLT1. Infusion of glutamate (10 M for 220 min), TBOA (200 M for 220 min), or SOS (100 M for 180 min) alone did not alter auditory neural thresholds. When infused together with glutamate, TBOA and SOS produced significant neural threshold shifts, leaving otoacoustic emissions intact. In addition, both TBOA and SOS exacerbated noiseinduced hearing loss by producing larger neural threshold shifts and delaying recovery. DHK did not alter glutamate-or noise-induced hearing loss. The evidence points to a major role for GLAST, both in protecting the synapse from exposure to excess extracellular glutamate and in attenuating hearing loss due to acoustic overstimulation.

show abstract

“…First, pre-embedding immunoperoxidase methods (Hartveit et al, 1994;Fletcher et al, 2000;Pourcho et al, 2001) offer significantly greater sensitivity, albeit with less spatial resolution, than the post-embedding immunogold technique used here. The peroxidase reaction product can diffuse within the immunopositive process and may bind non-specifically to structures in the PSD Ottersen et al, 1998), making it difficult to determine quantitatively the precise subsynaptic localization of receptors (Ottersen and Landsend, 1997). The post-embedding immunogold method reduces such artifacts because antibodies are applied directly to the surface of thin sections and the resin restricts label diffusion, permitting higher spatial resolution (Ottersen and Landsend, 1997;Nusser et al, 1998;Takumi et al, 1999;Nusser, 2000).…”

Section: Comparison With Previous Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct perisynaptic and synaptic localization of NMDA and AMPA receptors on ganglion cells in rat retina

Zhang

Diamond

2006

J of Comparative Neurology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

At most excitatory synapses, AMPA and NMDA receptors (AMPARs and NMDARs) occupy the postsynaptic density (PSD) and contribute to miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) elicited by single transmitter quanta. Juxtaposition of AMPARs and NMDARs may be crucial for certain types of synaptic plasticity, although extrasynaptic NMDARs also may contribute. AMPARs and NMDARs also contribute to evoked EPSCs in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), but mEPSCs are mediated solely by AMPARs. Previous work indicates that an NMDAR component emerges in mEPSCs when glutamate uptake is reduced, suggesting that NMDARs are located near the release site but perhaps not directly beneath in the PSD. Consistent with this idea, NMDARs on RGCs encounter a lower glutamate concentration during synaptic transmission than do AMPARs. To understand better the roles of NMDARs in RGC function, we have used immunohistochemical and electron microscopic techniques to determine the precise subsynaptic localization of NMDARs in RGC dendrites. RGC dendrites were labeled retrogradely with cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) injected into the superior colliculus (SC) and identified using postembedding immunogold methods. Co-labeling with antibodies directed toward AMPARs and/ or NMDARs, we found that nearly all AMPARs are located within the PSD, while most NMDARs are located perisynaptically, 100-300 nm from the PSD. This morphological evidence for exclusively perisynaptic NMDARs localizations suggests a distinct role for NMDARs in RGC function.

show abstract

Molecular organization of a type of peripheral glutamate synapse: the afferent synapses of hair cells in the inner ear

Cited by 105 publications

References 155 publications

The Glutamate–Aspartate Transporter GLAST Mediates Glutamate Uptake at Inner Hair Cell Afferent Synapses in the Mammalian Cochlea

The Glutamate–Aspartate Transporter GLAST Mediates Glutamate Uptake at Inner Hair Cell Afferent Synapses in the Mammalian Cochlea

Functional Roles of High-Affinity Glutamate Transporters in Cochlear Afferent Synaptic Transmission in the Mouse

Distinct perisynaptic and synaptic localization of NMDA and AMPA receptors on ganglion cells in rat retina

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About